Journal of Chemistry and Technologies

INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY

2025-04-29T11:12:51+03:00

This study investigates the impact of pipeline corrosion on drinking water quality, with a focus on secondary contamination caused by metal ion release and biofilm formation. The technical condition of water supply systems was assessed using metallographic and elemental analyses, while the presence of corrosion products was examined through spectroscopic. The results confirm that corrosion of pipelines contributes to the accumulation of iron oxides and the formation of microbial biofilms, leading to deterioration in water quality. It has been established that damage to protective coatings on steel pipes accelerates oxidation, increasing the risk of microbiological contamination. Additionally, disruptions in water supply schedules contribute to water stagnation, further intensifying contamination risks. Furthermore, the release of heavy metal ions from corroded pipelines poses potential long-term health risks for consumers. To mitigate these issues, a water purification system is proposed at the consumer supply stage, integrating multi-stage filtration, sorption technologies, and disinfection methods. This approach enhances the removal of corrosion byproducts and microbiological contaminants, ensuring safer drinking water. The study highlights the necessity of corrosion control strategies, regular pipeline maintenance, and systematic monitoring to reduce contamination risks and improve water supply quality and public health safety.

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Cu+ MALEINATE COMPLEXES WITH INCREASED STABILITY

2025-09-02T09:10:34+03:00

To improve the quality of the target product, the possibility of replacing zinc with ascorbic acid in the synthesis of maleic complexes of Cu⁺ and copper-containing composites based on them was investigated. The analysis of the results of potentiometric titration of a solution of 1M CuSO₄, 1M maleic acid (H₂M) with a neutralised solution of 1M ascorbic acid (H₂Asc) showed that HAsc^- anions behave exclusively as a one-electron reducing agent, and the existing conjugation of the redox systems [Cu(HM)]⁺/[Cu(HM)] and HAsc/*Asc^- contributes to a decrease in the yield of the target product, the maleate Cu⁺ complex. It has been found that about 50% of ascorbic acid reacts with [Cu(HM)]⁺ ions, and this figure is unchanged in the range of low reducing agent concentrations (up to 0,01M) and in the range of high concentrations (up to 1 M). A two-step scheme for the synthesis of the {[Cu(HM)(H₂O)]xCu} composite was implemented, in which the reduction of copper ions was carried out exclusively with ascorbic acid. At the first stage, the [Cu(HM)]⁺ complex was reduced to [Cu(HM)]. At the second stage, the required amount of 1M CuSO₄ solution was added to the suspension of [Cu(HM)] in a 1M solution of neutralised ascorbic acid to obtain the composite {[Cu(HM)(H₂O)]0,5Cu}. It was found that the [Cu(HM)] complex isolated from the ascorbate solution is a highly stable form with respect to atmospheric oxygen. Microbiological studies of the effect of the obtained substances on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains confirmed the high bactericidal activity of the maleinate complex compared to the composite.

DIMERIZATION OF MALEINATE CHLOROCOMPLEXES OF Cu+. QUANTUM-CHEMICAL MODELING

2025-08-05T13:11:44+03:00

The article presents the results of a theoretical study of the dimerization processes of Cu⁺ maleate complexes in an aqueous medium in the presence of chlorine anions. Quantum-chemical modeling by the DFT method (Gaussian 09, AIM2000) showed that the synthesis of Cu⁺ maleate π-complexes using CuCl salt as a precursor can be accompanied by dimerization of the product. Moreover, in addition to [L-Cu₂Cl₂-L] dimers, [H₂O-Cu₂Cl₂-H₂O] dimers can also be formed in solution. Consideration of the probable reactions of the interaction of maleic acid with dimeric aquachloro complexes allowed us to establish that the dimeric core cannot simultaneously contain both water and maleic acid in its internal coordination sphere. Comparison of the energy parameters of various reactions involving the [Cu₂Cl₂] cluster, water molecules, and all forms of maleic acid indicates that the most energetically favorable structures are dimers of anionic complexes. Therefore, in a weakly acidic environment, one should expect the appearance of [HM-Cu₂Cl₂-HM]^2– ions, and in neutral and alkaline environments, [M-Cu₂Cl₂-M]^4– ions. It has been established that the addition of all forms of maleic acid to [Cu₂Cl₂] leads to the rupture of the Cu-Cu bond and, as a consequence, to the weakening of this core in [L-Cu₂Cl₂-L] dimers.

MASS TRANSFER DURING THE DISSOLUTION OF SODIUM TETRABORATE IN WATER INTENSIFIED BY MECHANICAL STIRRING

2025-08-16T18:26:32+03:00

The process of mass transfer during the dissolution of sodium tetraborate granules in water was investigated at temperatures ranging from 293 K to 323 K, and with agitator rotation rates of 1.67 to 6.67 s^-1. The study aimed to determine the dependency of the dissolution rate on the agitator rotation rate and water temperature. An analysis of the experimentally obtained results revealed that the most significant factor influencing the intensification of the dissolution process is the increase in the solution's temperature. The phenomena of external and internal diffusion during the dissolution of sodium tetraborate granules in water under agitation were also examined. A generalized criterion equation was applied to assess the mass transfer process, considering all the investigated factors. A comparison between experimental and theoretically calculated values showed that the maximum absolute relative error did not exceed 6 %. The obtained results are valuable for further research and potential applications in the chemical industry, pharmacology, and cosmetology.

HARNESSING FERROCENECARBOXALDEHYDE IN MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF BIOACTIVE HETEROCYCLIC FERROCENES

2025-07-25T14:09:39+03:00

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer a sustainable and efficient approach to synthesizing complex molecular scaffolds, aligning with green chemistry principles. This study explores the underexploited synthetic potential of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde in MCRs to construct heterocyclic ferrocene derivatives, motivated by their promising bioactivity in medicinal chemistry, potential in materials science, organic synthesis and environmental testing. Through reactions such as the Biginelli condensation, photocatalyzed synthesis, and tandem processes involving malononitrile, ketosulfone, and hydrazines, a diverse array of heterocyclic compounds was synthesized. Structural confirmation was achieved using ¹H and ¹³C NMR, GCMS, and LCMS, despite challenges with solubility and side reactions like decarboxylation and Cannizzaro processes. Successful syntheses included pyrimidine, pyridine and benzimidazole derivatives, with yields ranging from 5 % to 69 %. Several procedures were employed that avoided the need for column chromatography in target product isolation. These findings highlight ferrocenecarboxaldehyde versatility in generating bioactive heterocycles, paving the way for further exploration in drug discovery and materials science.

INTERACTION OF LABILE N-ALKOXY-N-CHLORO-N’-ARYLUREAS AND N-ACETOXY-N-ALKOXYUREAS WITH TRIMETHYL PHOSPHITE

2025-06-20T11:33:05+03:00

The freshly synthesized N-alkoxy-N-chloro-N’-4-bromophenylureas undergo reaction with trimethyl phosphite in diethyl ether at room temperature yielding respectively dimethyl N-alkoxy-N-(N’-4-bromophenylcarbamoyl)phosphoroamidates with high yields. The unstable N-alkoxy-N-chloro-N’-phenylureas, freshly synthesized at -30°C, interact with trimethyl phosphite in diethyl ether at this low temperature to produce previously unknown dimethyl N-alkoxy-N-(N’-phenylcarbamoyl)phosphoroamidates. This reaction is the first example of the nucleofilic substitution at the nitrogen atom for unstable N-alkoxy-N-chloro-N’-phenylureas. Careful conditions selection and precise control made it possible to pevent premature destruction of the starting N-alkoxy-N-chloro-N’-4-bromophenylureas and N-alkoxy-N-chloro-N’-phenylureas. In contrast, N-acetoxy-N-alkoxyureas do not react with trimethyl phosphite under the same conditions. The structures of the resulting dimethyl N-alkoxy-N-(N’-4-bromophenylcarbamoyl)phosphoroamidates and dimethyl N-alkoxy-N-(N’-phenylcarbamoyl)phosphoroamidates were confirmed by ¹H, ³¹P, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry. A comparative analysis of ¹H, ³¹P and ¹³C NMR spectra of these dimethyl N-alkoxy-N-(N’-arylcarbamoyl)phosphoroamidates with those of dialkyl N-alkoxy-N-(N’-4-nitrophenylcarbamoyl)phosphoroamidates revealed numerous shared features and general structural characteristics of N-alkoxy-N-(N’-arylcarbamoyl)phosphoroamidates.

THE QUANTUM-CHEMICAL CRITERIA FOR INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS EFFICIENCY IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS “METHANE/CARBON DIOXIDE – AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS” OF FOSSIL COAL

2025-07-28T12:35:02+03:00

Using ab initio density functional methods, the features of intermolecular interactions that arise in complex systems based on methane and carbon dioxide with the participation of model aromatic hydrocarbons that are the part of the carbonized fossil organic matter have been investigated. A detailed topological analysis of these systems within the framework of the QT-AIM theory of R. Bader on the example of molecular complexes CH₄ × C₆H₆, CH₄ × C₁₀H₈, CH₄ × 2C₁₀H₈, and also CO₂ × C₁₀H₈ demonstrated the presence of (3,–1) bond critical points that arise at distances of about 3.089–3.533 Å, which can be fully characterized as weak intermolecular interactions. At the same time, as criteria for the effectiveness of such binding, it is convenient to use the parameters of the electron density r(r) as well as the Laplacian of the electron density Ñ²r(r), which in the case of the studied structures do not exceed 0.0027–0.0036 e/Å³ and 0.0022–0.0034 e/Å⁵ with a total stabilization energy of no more than 2.9–7.5 kJ/mol. A comparative analysis of the calculated thermodynamic characteristics of these systems under conditions of varying temperature and pressure parameters indicates a minor contribution of the enthalpy factor with predominance of the entropic component, mainly due to changes in the translational, rotational, and vibrational degrees of freedom of individual molecules. Some corresponding values of resonant vibrational frequencies are ~3162–3170 cm^–1. The results of calculations are in good agreement with that data, which have been obtained for the related systems, indicating their adequate reproduction within the limits of the chosen level of theory.

ALKYLATION OF SUBSTITUTED SULFONAMIDES WITH BENZOTRICHLORIDE AND IPSO-SUBSTITUTION OF THE p-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE GROUP WITH NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS

2025-06-17T15:30:39+03:00

Substituted alkyl and aryl sulfonamides have attracted increasing research interest due to their distinctive chemical reactivity. In particular, the arylsulfonyl moiety functions as an excellent leaving group (hypernucleofuge), making these compounds highly electrophilic and suitable for various aromatic substitution and transfer reactions. In this study, we explored the alkylation of substituted sulfonamides using polyhaloalkanes such as benzotrichloride. This reaction yielded imidoyl chlorides, which are important intermediates in the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, biologically active compounds, and advanced materials. Additionally, under specific conditions - including the presence of AlCl₃, 1,2-dichloroethane, and strong amines - we observed the replacement of the sulfonamide group by an amine via ipso-substitution. We investigated the synthesized compounds using infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR ¹Н) spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and elemental analysis. These techniques confirmed the structures and purity of the reaction products. Alkylation proceeded efficiently only in the presence of benzotrichloride and AlCl₃; other polyhalogenated reagents and Lewis’s acids exhibited no reactivity under comparable conditions. Furthermore, ipso-substitution of the sulfonamide group by strong nucleophilic amines (pKa > 10), such as dimethylamine and piperidine, occurred even in the absence of benzotrichloride. A nitro group in the para position of the arylamine moiety was essential for selective ipso-substitution, due to its activating effect on the aromatic system. Both electronic and steric factors were found to significantly influence the reaction pathway. Substituting the nitro group with other electron-withdrawing groups or placing it in non-para-positions significantly reduced the rate of the substitution process.

SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAVONOIDS OF ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA L. AND ROBINIA HISPIDA L. FLOWERS

2025-04-07T12:43:17+03:00

The results of solid-phase analysis of flowers of common black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and bristly locust (Robinia hispida L.), which are used as dietary supplements for the creation of innovative food products and medicinal plant raw materials, are presented. It has been established that a combination of characteristics of reflectance spectra, the first derivative of spectral curves, and colorimetry, which determine the distinctive features of the flowers of these species, can be used for identification. A characteristic feature of the spectral characteristics of black locust flowers is the localization of UV-absorbing flavonoids in the surface tissues. The specificity of the color of the flowers of the bristly locust tree creates an accumulation of anthocyanin pigments, for which the dominance of the flavylic form in superposition with the copigmented form has been established, which leads to the perception of a purple color. Differentiation of the spectral reflectance curve of flowers proved to be an effective way to confirm this phenomen. The spectral approaches used expand the methodological basis of non-destructive analysis of raw materials of robinia flowers for the creation of innovative food products and the improvement of pharmacognostic studies. The ability to chemisorption of flavonoids from R. pseudoacacia flower extract on aluminum oxide was established, and a biohybrid material was obtained using a biocompatible sorbent. The obtained reflectance and colorimetric characteristics of the sorption interaction product confirmed the presence of adsorbed flavonoids. The proposed solid-phase analysis of a sorbent functionalized with biologically active substances can be used to control flavonoid compositions with a solid dispersion medium.

SYNTHESIS OF OLIGOMER BASED ON SODIUM POLYSULFIDE AND HYDROLYZED ED-20 EPOXY RESIN: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES

2025-05-14T13:39:34+03:00

This article studies the process of oligomer synthesis based on sodium polysulfide, hydrolyzed ED-20 epoxy resin and 1,1,2-trichloroethane. The reaction mechanism, synthesis conditions and physicochemical properties of the product are analyzed. Based on the results of scientific research, the dependence of the oligomer formation process on temperature, reaction time, and reagent concentration was determined. UV-spectral analysis of the obtained sodium polysulfide oligomer (UV-Vis spectrometer range 350–800 nm, maximum reflectance – 67.02 %, light absorption – 323 nm), IR spectra, elemental analysis were conducted. The electron density surface (ESP) of the synthesized oligomer based on sodium polysulfide, hydrolyzed ED-20, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level is presented in the GAUSSIAN 16 program. The stability, physicochemical properties, and functional capabilities of the synthesized oligomers indicate that they have high prospects for industrial production processes, especially for the preparation of hermetic materials, coatings, and composites, as well as for the creation of new materials in scientific research.

ATOMIC ABSORPTION DETERMINATION OF CHROME IN VARIOUS FORMS OF EXISTENCE IN SALT SOLUTIONS USING ULTRASOUND

2025-03-26T20:43:51+02:00

For the formation of chromium acetylacetonate at room temperature in solutions of common salt, the action of high-frequency ultrasound with a frequency of 5.0–6.0 MHz, an intensity of 6.0–7.0 W/cm² and an exposure time of at least 3.0 min was used. When using high-frequency ultrasound to form chromium acetylacetonate, the extraction percentage of chromium (III) from solutions with a sodium chloride concentration of 90 g/l and 120 g/l increases, compared to the use of low-frequency ultrasound from 94.0–95.0 % and 90.4–90.8 % to 97.0–98.0 % and 94.3–95.0 %, respectively. It has been experimentally proven that the formation of chromium acetylacetonate occurs precisely under the influence of ultrasound and, in particular, due to cavitation effects that cause sonochemical reactions. It is shown that the treatment of the analyzed solutions with ultrasound of the specified parameters does not change the state of chromium. The use of simultaneous action of ultrahigh-frequency ultrasound and low-frequency ultrasound in the destruction of soluble organic chromium compounds has been studied. The use of simultaneous action of ultrahigh-frequency and low-frequency ultrasound for the destruction of dissolved organic chromium compounds, in comparison with the use of simultaneous action of high-frequency ultrasound and low-frequency ultrasound, leads to an increase in the degree of destruction from 95–96 % to 98–99 %. A siries of methods for determining the content of chromium in table salt in various forms of existence: chromium (III), chromium(VI) and chromium in the forms of compounds with organic substances has been developed. The accuracy of the methods has been verified by the "added-found" method, as well as by analyzing the same samples by an alternative method. The detection limit of chromium determination is 0.01 mg/kg.

RAPID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND VISUAL-TEST DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC IN FOOD AND WATER

2025-01-26T14:56:18+02:00

An express method for spectrophotometric determination of arsenic in various food products has been developed. The intensifying effect of ultrasound at the stage of sample preparation has been established. Optimal parameters of ultrasonic exposure are selected (frequency interval 22–40 kHz, intensity 1.31–3.48 W/cm², processing time 0.5–3 min) for ultrasonic intensification of mineralization of seven groups of food products (vegetables, fruits, cereals, legumes, juices, beer, coffee). Application of ultrasound for intensification wet ashing after adding a certain amount of a mixture of oxidizers to the analyzed samples accelerates the stage of mineralization by hundreds of times, the total duration of the analysis by tens of times, and the consumption of oxidizers by several times. The accuracy of the results was checked by the standard addition method. In addition, these samples analyzed by the standard addition method after wet ashing. Satisfactory agreement between the results of all determinations was observed. Methods for semi-quantitative visual test determination of Arsenic were proposed using test scales at the level of 0.01 mkg/ml. Disks from chromatographic FN-5 paper impregnated with solutions of arsenic-sensitive reagents in organic solvents were used. The combination of preconcentration and determination made it possible to control arsenic in waters at the level and below the maximum permissible concentration.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF VEGETARIAN CANNED MAIN DISH FOR NUTRITION OF MILITARY SERVANTS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

2025-05-07T16:33:24+03:00

A technology has been developed for the production of vegetarian canned staple foods with a full range of nutrients to expand the range of plant-based foods for vegetarians serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Purpose. Substantiation of the technology of vegetarian canned main dish – porridge with soy meat with the inclusion of non-traditional types of raw materials in the recipe – whole grain spelt groats, flax seeds, olive oil and sea salt. Methods. To assess the quality of the developed technology for vegetarian canned main dish – porridge with soy meat, we used generally accepted methods for determining the chemical and amino acid composition. Results. According to the results of organoleptic quality indicators, it was found that the experimental sample of canned main dish with the content of textured soybean concentrate in the amount of 38.15 %, whole grain spelt groats in the amount of 18.0 %, olive oil in the amount of 4.0 %, flax seeds in the amount of 3.0 % and sea salt in the amount of 0.9 % is characterized by the most pleasant taste and smell and was selected for further research. An increased mass fraction of proteins by 1.39 g, dietary fiber by 0.29 g in the experimental sample compared to the control was established. The use of textured soybean concentrate and whole grain spelt groats in the technology of canned main dish made it possible to obtain a finished vegetarian product with an amino acid score of 100% and higher for all essential amino acids, except lysine and an insignificantly reduced biological value compared to the control. The inclusion of olive oil and flax seeds in the recipe of a vegetarian canned main dish made it possible to increase the mass fractions of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 in the finished product by 0.46 % and 0.07 %, respectively, compared to the control.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-FREQUENCY DISCHARGE ON ELECTRO-CATALYTIC COMBUSTION OF GASEOUS FUEL

2025-03-21T13:16:01+02:00

Natural gas is a highly efficient energy carrier and a valuable chemical raw material. Therefore, to reduce the consumption of natural gas and increase the productivity of its use, it was proposed to use an artificially created low-temperature plasma with an ordered movement of "slow" electrons in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst and high-frequency current. The theoretical foundations of the combustion process of gaseous fuel and the use of high-frequency current in the creation of low-temperature plasma are considered. The dependences of the change in the temperature of heated water on time at different voltages, frequencies and sinusoidal shapes of the electric discharge current during the electro-catalytic combustion of gaseous fuel are given. The energy characteristics of the process under study are determined. When using electronic catalytic combustion of natural gas with a high-frequency discharge, the optimal parameters are a discharge voltage of 2.5–3 kV, a frequency of 2.4 kHz, and a total sinusoidal shape.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE PROPERTIES OF DOUGH AND BREAD MADE WITH THE ADDITION OF WHEAT BRAN OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OR THEIR EXTRACTS

2025-05-20T08:54:21+03:00

Wheat bran (WB) is the main by-product in the grain processing industry and contains a large number of biologically active substances, which, unfortunately, are not used in the food industry today. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of using WB of different fractional composition in the technology of wheat bread, ultrafine grinding WB and subcritical extract of WB. Methods. Ultrafine grinding of WB was carried out on an ultrafine grinding mill of series Ultrafine Mill SCM800. Extracts were obtained on the RVD-02-500 installation. The study of selected properties of objects using generally accepted methods. Results. The use of ultrafine grinding WB or subcritical extract allowed to obtain the highest positive effects. Adding WB to the recipe composition of bread improved its technological properties and changed its structure; The best results were obtained when using PV and PV10 extracts. Bread elasticity practically did not decrease when using PV extract. Increasing particle size and the amount of added PV led to a darker, more reddish and less yellowish crust color, but the use of PV extract minimized changes in bread color. The use of PV significantly enhanced the antioxidant properties of bread with the addition of PV. All samples were acceptable to consumers, but the highest scores were obtained for samples with the addition of PV and PV10 extracts in an amount of up to 30 %. When enriching bread with PV and using PV10 and PV50, the amount of added PV can be up to 30 %; when using PV325 and PV620, the amount of added PV can be up to 20 %. Conclusions. The results obtained can be used to improve the technology of wheat bread for functional purposes and further use in the bread baking industry.

ENHANCING THE PROCESSING EFFICIENCY OF LIGHT PYROLYSIS RESIN: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL APPROACH

2025-01-17T09:01:24+02:00

The research work is devoted to enhancing the processing efficiency of light pyrolysis rezin for ethylene production and developing a mathematical model of this process. The process is aimed at increasing the yield of benzene by dealkylation of benzene-alkyl derivatives in the system using a toluene-based aluminum complex catalyst. Calculations were performed using the OptimMe and OriginLab software packages. By studying the effect of various factors (the amount of benzene at the beginning, temperature, the amount of catalyst, the duration of the process, etc.), the optimal temperature regime of the process, the composition and amount of the catalyst, and the duration of the process corresponding to the maximum yield of benzene were selected. Using these results, a multifactorial mathematical model of the process was developed, the adequacy of the model was determined by the Fisher's criterion, and the regression coefficients were evaluated by the Student's criterion. The obtained regression enables us to estimate the yield of benzene based on any concentration of the catalyst and the temperature conditions of the process (ranging from 0 to 80 °C). and thus can be used to minimize the total costs of implementing the process. Calculations indicate that the maximum yield of benzene occurs at a temperature of 80 °C, with a catalyst concentration of 2.5 %, and a process duration of 240 minutes.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRAFT CHEESE PRODUCTION – INTEGRATION INTO THE SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEM

2025-06-04T13:07:02+03:00

The dairy industry is one of the key components of the food industry in many European countries, playing an important role in shaping economic stability and ensuring food security. One of the promising areas of development of this industry is the production of craft dairy products, in particular craft cheeses, which are increasingly gaining popularity both in the domestic and global markets. Milk processing is an effective tool for creating new recipes and unique products with high organoleptic and consumer properties. Analysis of statistical data on producers and assortment of craft cheeses has shown the active growth of this segment and the diversity of the products presented. Craft cheeses are distinguished by a significant range of types, manufacturing technologies, taste characteristics and have a high level of consumer interest. In conditions of growing demand, craft cheese manufacturers strive for constant improvement of technological processes, development of original recipes, expansion of the assortment and active promotion of their own products on the global market. A significant part of the craft cheese segment is occupied by cheeses made from goat and sheep milk, which are valued for their high content of protein, trace elements and biologically active substances, as well as for their hypoallergenic properties. Their nutritional value and health benefits contribute to the growth of demand among consumers, which indicates the potential for their further development within the framework of craft production.

CARBON-MINERAL ECOSORBENTS BASED ON LIGNOCELLULOUS WASTE AND ZEOLITE FOR BINDING HEAVY METAL IONS

2025-04-29T10:26:44+03:00

A carbon-mineral ecosorbent was obtained by heat treatment of a mixture of rice husk and zeolite. To obtain a composite carbon-mineral ecosorbent, a mixture of rice husk and zeolite in various proportions of plant and mineral components was subjected to general pyrolysis under various temperature conditions (250–600 °C) without the use of toxic chemicals to obtain a series of biocoal-clay composites. The pyrolysis process lasted from 10 to 60 minutes. In this case, destruction of organic substances occurs, and the final decomposition product (active amorphous carbon) settles on the catalytic centers of the aluminosilicate surface of the zeolite. The carbon content in the sorbent is 8–19 %. In this case, the zeolite containing active carbon lobes on the surface is a consolidated nanostructured material. The obtained sorbent samples differed in the initial ratio of the plant and mineral components. During thermal treatment of the mixture in an oxygen-free atmosphere, activated carbon nanoparticles of 2–3 nm in size are formed on the zeolite surface. The characteristics of the composites, making them promising sorbents of pollutants, include uniform micromorphology of plate particles, improved mesoporous structure and surface area (53.0 m²/g), as well as abundant and diverse functional groups containing oxygen / carbon. The structural-chemical and sorption properties of the obtained product in relation to Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ni²⁺ ions were studied during extraction from model solutions. The composite obtained at 600 °C and 10 wt.% zeolite showed the highest removal of heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF MEAT AND VEGETABLE PRESERVES WITH THE USE OF A LOW POWER ELECTRIC AUTOCLAVE

2025-05-09T12:34:56+03:00

The article presents the results of the development of a method for producing meat and vegetable preserves using a test bench and a low-power electric autoclave at the laboratory of Sumy National Agrarian University. A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) OWEN PR200 and a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system were used to regulate the technological parameters of sterilization. The main focus was placed on the development of recipes for meat and vegetable preserves enriched with plant-based ingredients: peanut flour, sunflower seed meal, white lupine flour, and rape seed meal. Sterilization was conducted at 110 °C for 20 minutes according to a predefined program. Sensory evaluation, based on a five-point expert panel scale, revealed improvements in taste, aroma, texture, and color in samples with plant-based additives. The highest sensory scores were observed in samples containing white lupine flour and rape seed meal. Nutritional value analysis revealed that the inclusion of plant materials enriched the preserves with proteins and fats, leading to increased levels of essential amino acids and fatty acids. The most significant increases were observed in Sample No. 1, with peanut flour (21.7 ± 0.7 %) and Sample No. 2, with sunflower seed meal (21.4 ± 0.6 %), highlighting the positive impact of peanut flour and sunflower seed meal. The control Sample No. 0 had a fat content of 6.5 ± 0.1 %, whereas all experimental samples had lower fat content, ranging from 2.7 ± 0.2 % to 3.4 ± 0.2 %. The article provides a detailed description of the technological stages in the production process, including raw material preparation, sterilization, parameter control, and the application of automated bench. The results demonstrate the potential of the developed method for producing high-quality meat and vegetable preserves.

THE IMPACT OF CHINA’S BAN ON PLASTIC WASTE EXPORTING COUNTRIES

2025-07-16T11:02:51+03:00

Current transformations in the global trade in plastic waste are being driven by new environmental regulations, sustainability policies, and individual countries' decisions on the import of recyclables. The People's Republic of China's 2018 ban on plastic waste imports has significantly changed the structure of global recycling flows, calling into question the sustainability of the centralized recycling model. The study aims to assess the consequences of this decision for exporting countries, analyze their adaptation trajectories, and classify changes in trade dynamics in 2008–2024. The paper uses quantitative methods to analyze statistical data, builds the author's own trade flow change rate (TFCR), and applies cluster analysis using the K-means method to typologize countries by the nature of changes in the structure of plastic waste exports. Based on the data of international organizations (OECD, UNEP, ITC), regional disparities in the production and processing of plastics are characterized. Three groups of countries with different adaptation models are identified: resilient, partially adapted, and those that have lost market share. It was found that countries with a lower initial level of dependence on China were more likely to reorient to alternative markets or increase domestic capacity. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of China's environmental policy, which, after the ban, is aimed at developing its own processing technologies, controlling unauthorized imports and relocating export-oriented enterprises to Southeast Asia. It is substantiated that the current structure of the global recycling market is becoming more fragmented, asymmetric and technologically differentiated. The results of the study can be used to formulate a waste management policy, taking into account the risks inherent in new forms of environmental logistics.

DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL DRYING REGIMES OF TOMATO POMACE AND THEIR OPTIMAL POWDER FRACTION FOR FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT OF FOOD PRODUCTS WITH LYCOPENE

2025-06-12T19:22:28+03:00

Based on the conducted research, the optimal drying modes of tomato pomace were selected, which fully meet the technological requirements. The dispersion of the powder obtained from dried tomato pomace was investigated and the particle size was determined. The optimal grinding modes of tomato pomace were established to obtain different powder fractions, which must be taken into account when obtaining them. It was established that tomato pomace powder has acceptable organoleptic indicators, and they are also a convenient commercial form that can be promising for a number of technologies in the food industry and restaurant catering establishments. In particular, as a functional ingredient for enriching food products with lycopene. The swelling of the powder obtained from dried tomato pomace was studied for different fractions (coarse, medium and fine fractions). The moisture-holding capacity of different fractions was determined and the moisture absorption coefficient was calculated. Based on experimental data, technological modes of the process of obtaining powder from tomato pomace were selected: drying at a temperature of 80 °C for 120 min., grinding duration 30 s, average particle size (30…50)·10^–6 m.

SORPTION OF METAL IONS BY CARBON SORBENTS OBTAINED FROM WASTE

2025-02-06T14:49:19+02:00

Industrial waste in many cases can be considered as secondary raw materials for the production of sorbents. The purpose of the work was to substantiate the possibility of using oxidized carbon sorbents to purify contaminated waters from Cu(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II) compounds. The work used two variants of activated carbon (AC), made from agricultural plant waste with different ratios of sunflower husks and straw. Activation of carbon was carried out with water vapor at 800 °C, and oxidation with an 8 M HNO₃ solution at 70 °C for 5 hours. The indicators of the process of extracting of metal ions by different types of AC were determined. The adsorption value of AC decreases in the series of ions Fe>Cu>Ni>Co>Mn. When using oxidized AC, the adsorption value of Cu(II) ions is greater than Fe(II). Among the cations, the adsorption values of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions are the closest, regardless of the degree of oxidation of coal. It has been shown that an increase in the surface concentration of functional groups contributes to more efficient adsorption of oxidized activated carbon samples. There is a relationship between the composition of raw materials and its sorption properties. It was determined that increasing the acidity of the solution and increasing the concentration of metal ions reduces the adsorption efficiency. The presence of other metal ions also reduces the degree of purification of solutions from Cu(II) ions. The determining stage in the sorption mechanism of Cu(II) is complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups: carboxyl and phenolic, which shows the complex nature of sorption with a significant proportion of chemisorption. The identity of the sorption mechanisms of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions was , which allows these ions to be sorbed together. The results are aimed at increasing the efficiency and completeness of the water purification process.

STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF A CATALYST PRODUCED FROM GALVANIC SLUDGE WASTE

2025-06-01T19:44:48+03:00

Проблема утилізації промислових і побутових відходів є актуальною в усьому світі. Забруднення навколишнього середовища токсичними промисловими відходами, які є побічним продуктом технологічних циклів більшості машинобудівних, металообробних, приладобудівних та інших підприємств, які широко використовують гальванічні покриття для підвищення корозійної стійкості, зносостійкості та поліпшення декоративного вигляду виробів, є глобальною екологічною проблемою.

У даній роботі був отриманий і вивчений каталізатор, виготовлений з шламових відходів гальванічного виробництва на приладобудівному заводі в м. Черкаси (м. Черкаси, Україна). Гальванічний шлам аналізували полярографічними, комплексометричними, термогравіметричними та фотоколориметричними методами за елементним складом та вмістом таких важких металів, як залізо, мідь, нікель, хром, цинк. Розроблено методику виготовлення та практично отримано каталізатор на основі шламових відходів гальванічних виробництв з осадової суспензії, отриманої після обробки гальванічних стічних вод за такою процедурою: зневоднення шламу до сухого порошку, змішування отриманого порошку з розчином активатора та висушування отриманої суспензії при температурі 150 0С протягом 4 годин; формування каталізатора шляхом змішування шламового порошку з суспензією-носієм і прожарювання протягом 4 годин при температурі 700-7 Активність отриманого каталізатора була перевірена на лабораторному дослідному заводі шляхом проведення процесу каталітичного окислення органічних сполук: етанолу, ацетону, бутанолу і толуолу. Встановлено, що при максимальній об'ємній витраті газу 1900 год-1 в каталітичному реакторі ступінь каталітичного окислення зростає для всіх класів органічних сполук. Починаючи з температури в зоні каталізу 370 0С перетворення етанолу, ацетону і бутанолу переходить в кінетичну область, при цьому характер процесу для толуолу зберігається. Максимальна швидкість каталітичного окислення досягається при температурі 400 0С. У цих умовах досягається максимальний коефіцієнт перетворення: для етанолу - 97,1%, для ацетону - 99,2%, для бутанолу - 90%, для толуолу - 95,7%.

PREPARATION AND STUDY OF ACID-BASE AND ION EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF RICE HUSK BIOCHAR

2025-05-20T20:35:59+03:00

Odesa region is a leader in Ukraine in rice production, which makes the issue of utilizing rice by-products particularly relevant. Rice husks are considered as a promising raw material for the production of biochar. The aim of this study is to synthesise biochar, which is used as a carrier for immobilizing the isolated soil microbial complex for the treatment of oil-containing wastewater, and to study its acid-base and ion-exchange characteristics. The analysis of potentiometric titration curves indicates the contribution of different ionized groups to the general properties of biochar, which allows it to be classified as a polyfunctional ion exchanger. It is proved that due to the properties of ampholytes, biochar can be used as a matrix for immobilization of microbial complexes, capable of acting as a buffer by regulating the pH level.

FUNGICIDAL ADDITIVE IN COSMETIC NAIL VARNISHES

2025-01-21T18:10:25+02:00

The object of the study is to provide a fungicidal effect to cosmetic nail varnishes by adding a special additive to the varnishes. This work proposes an innovative approach to the use of nail varnishes with an updated chemical composition both for the aesthetic masking of defects caused by onychomycosis pathogens and for the protection of the nail plate from fungal infections. Daily use of cosmetic varnishes with a fungicidal additive allows you to protect nails from fungi. This can be used both in the treatment of nails and for the purpose of prevention in population groups with an increased risk of onychomycosis infection (elderly people, people with diabetes, people with a weakened immune system, people who often visit swimming pools, saunas, baths, etc.). The results obtained give grounds to claim that the developed additive will provide fungicidal properties to cosmetic varnishes, both colored and colorless. In addition, the fungicidal additive includes urea, which accelerates the diffusion of the active substance into the thickness of the nail. A mixture of four quaternary ammonium salts was used as the active substance. It was established that the additive has pronounced fungicidal properties against the main pathogens of onychomycosis. Therefore, it is advisable to use it to provide fungicidal properties to cosmetic varnishes. It was shown that after the introduction of the biocidal additive into the composition of cosmetic varnishes (colored and colorless), they appeared to have pronounced fungicidal activity against pathogens of mycoses. The studied cosmetic nail varnishes with the additive did not significantly change their physicochemical and organoleptic properties after its introduction both immediately and after determining stability for 16 months. The presented results may be useful in the development of a system based on cosmetic varnishes and a fungicidal additive for the prevention and treatment of onychomycosis. Practical application of these results is possible in the production of medical products.

EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE METHOD OF SANITATION OF THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

2025-05-27T17:39:03+03:00

Objective. The conducted research is aimed at solving the scientific problem of developing a method of sanitation of a closed water supply network based on the use of an experimental environmentally safe detergent «Sandez». The disinfectant is an aqueous alkaline solution, does not contain anti-corrosion components and compounds that pose a potential threat of negative environmental impact. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the antimicrobial activity of the experimental alkaline-detergent disinfectant Sandez. In vitro experiments have established bactericidal concentrations of the test disinfectant in relation to test strains of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus, E. coli and S. Enteritidis, previously isolated from the closed water system of poultry farms. During the experiment, the closed water supply system of the poultry house was filled with a 2.0 % solution of Sandez. In the control, a solution of sodium hypochlorite with an active chlorine concentration of 100 mg/dm³ was used to disinfect the closed water system. The decontamination solutions were left in closed systems for 5 hours, after which the solutions were drained and the lines were washed with clean tap water. It was found that the use of a 2.0 % solution of environmentally safe alkaline detergent «Sandez» for exposures of 5 hours is an effective method of sanitation of the closed water supply system of the poultry farm. The use of the disinfectant «Sandez» provides a 24 % reduction in the level of microbial contamination compared to the control. The results of sanitary and hygienic assessment of water quality in relation to oranoleptic microbiological, parasitological, physico-chemical and sanitary-toxicological indicators confirm its suitability for use in poultry farming. The introduction of this method into the system of veterinary and sanitary measures during poultry cultivation allows achieving a high level of sanitization.

WATER ABSORPTION KINETICS OF WHITE CHICKPEA SAMPLES IN OMAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD PROCESSING

2025-03-20T12:31:04+02:00

This study examines the water absorption kinetics of four samples of white chickpeas (A, B, C, and D) available in Oman, utilizing the Peleg model to evaluate their water absorption behavior. The experiments were conducted at room temperature, and the moisture content was measured at regular intervals until equilibrium was reached. The rate constant (k₁) and capacity constant (k₂) of water absorption for each sample were determined, and the model's fit was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²). Sample C demonstrated the highest rate of water absorption (k₁ = 0.0085) and reached equilibrium the fastest, with a near-perfect model fit (R² = 0.9999), making it the most efficient in terms of hydration. Sample D exhibited a similar absorption rate but with a slightly less accurate model fit (R² = 0.9409). Sample A showed a moderate absorption rate with a strong model fit (R² = 0.9911), while Sample B had the slowest absorption rate and the longest time to reach equilibrium, reflected in a lower model fit (R² = 0.9559). These findings provide insights into the water absorption dynamics of white chickpeas in Oman, with implications for food processing and optimization of soaking processes.

INNOVATIVE PROBIOTIC FOOD PRODUCTS USING LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI

2025-04-25T01:50:36+03:00

The formulation features of popular food products were analyzed and the possibility of improving their quality and ability to positively affect human health by eliminating preservatives from their formulation was investigated. The antimicrobial activity of different types of probiotic microorganisms was determined, and according to the results, the microbial culture of Lactobacillus reuteri. was selected as the expedient one for research. When using symbiotic composition of microorganisms with Lactobacillus reuteri, higher antimicrobial activity is observed. Comparative evaluation of the sauce samples with preservatives and with microbial culture of Lactobacillus reuteri without preservatives by a set of indicators showed an increase in antioxidant activity of samples with probiotic by 10.2 % and 12.0 % for mayonnaise sauce (30 %) and mayonnaise (67 %), respectively; reduction of oxidation level by 25.0–28.6 %; improvement of microbiological safety by a number of indicators, and the absence of food poisoning pathogens; the possibility of prolonging the traditional shelf life of sauce products with probiotic ingredient, as well as creating conditions for the correction of intestinal microbiota while maintaining the main consumer properties of these popular products on the food market. For popular types of ketchup, similar positive results were also observed following the exclusion of preservatives and the incorporation of Lactobacillus reuteri monoculture and Lactobacillus reuteri symbiotic into their formulations. The preservative-free ketchup samples were not inferior to the control ketchup in terms of physicochemical parameters, had a slightly higher concentration of acids, biologically active substances (BAS) and 7.1 % higher antioxidant activity. The given technological scheme of probiotic sauces shows the possibility to produce them on existing technological lines. The results of the studies indicate the effectiveness of probiotic microorganisms Lactobacillus reuteri as a preservative for food products, which will allow to expand the work on their industrial application.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF NEW COMPOSITION ON DEMULSIFICATION OF MURADKHANLI OIL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RESULTS

2025-08-13T11:16:12+03:00

This article presents a comprehensive study on the demulsification of highly stable emulsified oil from the Muradkhanli field, a major heavy oil-producing site in Azerbaijan. Both physical (temperature effect) and physicochemical methods were evaluated. ND-12 (Azerbaijan) and Dissolvan-4411 (Germany) demulsifiers, along with two newly developed reagent compositions (A-1 and A-2), were tested. Experiments were conducted using the bottle test method, and separated, residual, and ballast water contents were quantified. While certain emulsified oils can release significant water at 50–60 °C without demulsifiers, Muradkhanli oil forms exceptionally stable emulsions that require advanced treatments. The A-series compositions significantly enhanced demulsification efficiency, accelerating phase separation even at moderate temperatures. In particular, the A-1 composition achieved superior performance, reducing residual water content to 0.06 % and ballast water to 0.09 % at 600 g/t and 60 °C. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed for A-1 to assess its dependence on temperature, reagent dosage, and time, with polynomial curves and 3D response surfaces confirming strong agreement with experimental data. Overall, these results demonstrate the promising potential of advanced reagent compositions to overcome the challenges associated with stable water-oil emulsions in heavy resinous crude oils. This approach offers practical insights for optimizing field separation processes and improving operational efficiency in global heavy oil production.

STUDY OF KINETIC REGULARITIES OF HETEROCATALYTIC OXIDATION REACTIONS OF CHLOROHYDROCARBONS C6, C7

2025-06-12T20:20:04+03:00

The kinetic regularities of the oxidation reaction of chlorotoluenes and chlorobenzenes on vanadium-containing catalysts have been studied, and on this basis, methods have been developed to control the activity and selectivity of ChCs (chlorohydrocarbons) oxidation processes. It has been shown that the oxidation rate of chlorohydrocarbons gradually increases with increasing temperature and contact time. It has been established that the oxidation processes of chlorohydrocarbons proceed through parallel-consecutive reactions with the formation of chlorine and dichloromaleic anhydrides and deep oxidation products. The presence, position and number of chlorine atoms affect the direction of the oxidation reaction. It has been shown that the rate of oxidation of chlorohydrocarbons to CO₂ on a fixed catalyst bed is higher than on a fluidized bed, although the rate of formation of the targeted products on a fluidized bed is higher. It has been established that both the initial chlorohydrocarbons and their oxidation products are compactly adsorbed on the surface of vanadium-phosphorous catalysts. The reaction products are stable to decomposition and have a significant effect on the oxidation kinetics of chlorohydrocarbons. It has been revealed that the main end products (CO₂, MCMA, DCMA), as well as some intermediate compounds, have a modifying effect on the active centers of the catalyst increasing the rate of selective oxidation of ChCs. It has been determined that the selective catalytic oxidation of CO occurs at ratios of CO : O₂ = 1 : 15 and higher, high catalysis rates are also observed at these ratios. It has been shown that during the oxidation of chlorobenzenes, MCMA and DCMA are formed, whereas during the oxidation of chlorotoluenes, chlorobenzaldehyde is also formed in addition to the above-listed compounds. The water formed in the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzenes and chlorotoluenes has a positive effect on active catalysts up to a certain concentration, modifying the active centers.

THE IMPACT OF ENCAPSULATED POLYPHENOLS ON THE GLYCEMIC INDEX AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GLUTEN-FREE BAKED GOODS

2025-03-01T04:11:05+02:00

Gluten-free bakery products often demonstrate inferior quality parameters and may exhibit a higher glycemic index depending on the composition of the flour blend, compared to conventional products. Polyphenol extracts possess antioxidant properties and the ability to attenuate glycemic response, but they are sensitive to thermal processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporating encapsulated polyphenols on the glycemic index, antioxidant activity, and quality characteristics of gluten-free bread. Two groups of samples were compared: gluten-free and wheat bread (as control), each enriched with either free polyphenol extracts or the same extracts in microencapsulated form. Polyphenol losses during baking were assessed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method; antioxidant activity before and after baking was measured using the FRAP assay (expressed in Trolox equivalents). The in vitro relative glycemic index was calculated, and crumb moisture, porosity, and sensory characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that polyphenol addition enhanced antioxidant activity and contributed to a modest reduction in the glycemic index of gluten-free bread. During baking, free polyphenols underwent significant degradation (47–67 % losses in gluten-free samples), whereas encapsulation preserved a larger proportion of bioactives, reducing losses to 7–22 %. Gluten-free samples with polyphenols demonstrated a 3–5 % lower glycemic index compared to control formulations; a similar trend was observed in wheat bread. Encapsulated extracts were more effective than free forms in lowering glycemic index values. Furthermore, polyphenols improved the structural and sensory properties of the bread: specifically, they increased crumb moisture, preserved porosity in gluten-free formulations, and enhanced the color and aroma of the final products. In conclusion, encapsulated polyphenols represent promising functional ingredients for gluten-free bread, as they enhance antioxidant potential, reduce glycemic index, and improve the organoleptic quality of the product.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MORPHOANATOMICAL CORRELATIONS OF THE BODY IN CERTAIN GASTROPODA SPECIES: EVIDENCE FROM THE DNIPROPETROVSK REGION

2025-07-04T13:33:30+03:00

The correlation between morphometric parameters and chemical composition of terrestrial slugs Limax flavus, Arion subfuscus, and Malacolimax tenellus from the Dnipropetrovsk region was investigated as a basis for evaluating their potential as alternative protein sources. Methods. Field sampling was conducted in three cities of Dnipropetrovsk region (Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih, Pavlohrad), followed by morphometric measurements and chemical analysis of muscle, mucus, and internal organs. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess linear relationships among body weight, length, width, and tissue proportions. Nutrient content (moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates) was determined according to national standards. Results. 1332 specimens were analyzed. Strong positive correlations (r > 0.9) were observed between weight and body dimensions in Limax flavus and Arion subfuscus, while Malacolimax tenellus showed weaker trends. For example, Arion subfuscus had the highest protein content (15.07 %), while Malacolimax tenellus had the highest fat content (2.3 %). In particular, larger individuals exhibited higher meat percentage and lower mucus content, indicating adaptive metabolic patterns. As a result, species-specific nutritional profiles were established with implications for functional food use. Conclusions. The study confirms the existence of strong morphoanatomical and compositional correlations in land gastropods, supporting their potential for human consumption. Consequently, these findings may inform the development of sustainable food systems utilizing underexplored animal protein sources. The benefits of this study lie in linking morphology with biochemistry to evaluate food value and direct future biotechnological applications.

QUANTUM-CHEMICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE FEATURES OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS «AROMATIC POLYAMIDE-ARAMID FIBER-SILICA GEL»

2025-09-11T17:19:57+03:00

The article presents the results of quantum-chemical studies of polymer composite materials based on aromatic polyamide modified with silica gel and aramid fiber. Structural models of the initial components with the distribution of electrostatic charges on atoms and the determination of characteristic interatomic distances are proposed. Theoretical models of complexes in the «polyamide-silica gel» system are constructed, reflecting the most probable intermolecular interactions of the polymer matrix with the filler. The reliability of the results is confirmed by IR spectroscopy data. It was established that the main contribution to the stabilization of the polymer-filler structure is provided by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups of polyamide and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the silica gel. It is shown that composite materials obtained by in situ combining the initial components of polymer compositions showed an improvement in properties of up to 10% in individual parameters compared to materials obtained using traditional technology, which indicates more effective interfacial interaction in these systems.