Journal of Chemistry and Technologies

ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MALEINATE COMPLEXES OF Cu+

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The study explored the process of anodic ionization of copper in an aqueous solution of maleic acid (H₂M): we substantiated the optimal conditions for the electrochemical synthesis of Cu⁺ maleate complexes, ensuring nearly a 100 % yield of the target product under the following parameters: potentiostatic mode, anode potential of 0.1 V (vs. silver/silver chloride electrode), concentration of (H₂M) = 0.1 M (pH = 2), and temperature (t°) = 60 °C. By utilizing spectrophotometry, along with quantum-chemical modeling of absorption spectra for various complex structures, we determined the composition of the obtained product as [Cu⁺(H₂O)₃(HM^-)]. We chose the diagnostic criterion for identifying the nature of the complex as the difference in wavelength absorption for light in the π-bond of Cu⁺ with the sp²-hybridized carbon atom of the vinyl fragment of the maleate ion (around 400 nm) and the σ-bond of Cu⁺ with the ionized carboxyl group (around 300 nm). For the quantitative analysis of the working solution regarding the content of maleate π-complexes of Cu+, we suggest using the A, C-dependence measured at 360 nm.

A FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDY EFFECT PRESSURE OF ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF R-TiO2

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The band structure, density of state, and optical properties of TiO₂ rutile were studied using first principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA-RPBE) at both zero and high pressures. we used the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state calculate of volume and bulk modulus by approximation that we mentioned above and our results were compared with previous theoretical and experimental data, we noticed a good agreement between the results. The band gap of 2.098 eV (GGA) remains unchanged when the pressure is increased from 0 to 10 GPa, indicating an underestimation. The reduction in volume and lattice constants with increasing pressure is responsible for the decrease in band gap. There is a good agreement between the experimental results and the dielectric constant ε (ω) and refractive index. The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ is found to decrease with increasing pressure based on the absorption spectrum. The energy loss spectra show new peaks as a result of the pressure effect on the energy loss function. From our results, we noticed the effect of pressure within the range (0–60 GPa) on each of the structural, electronic and optical properties, and there is also good agreement between the current results and previous results.

STRUCTURE, OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF UNDOPED, Y2O3-DOPED ZnO NANOCOMPOSITES

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Y-doped ZnO nanocomposites with different content of Y₂O₃ (1–5 %) were obtained by the Pechini method from their nitrate solutions. The solutions of Zn²⁺ and Y³⁺ nitrates were preliminary obtained by dissolving of zinc and yttrium oxides with a content of the main component of 99.99% in nitric acid. The influence of yttrium doping the on the microstructure, morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic activity of the ZnO nanopowders were examined. The properties of the nanopowders were studied by using X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The samples were subjected to X-ray powder diffraction using a DRON-3 diffractometer (Cu-Ka radiation) at room temperature. X-ray phase analysis confirms the formation of single phase of Y₂O₃-doped ZnO powders on diffractograms. According to SEM results, the powders characterized a conglomerate structure. The undoped ZnO has an average particle size of 43 nm, while the average particle size of Y³⁺-doped ZnO ranges from 63 to 79 nm. It was established that the morphology of powder particles primarily depends on the content of Y³⁺ in the material. Raman scattering measurements indicate that ZnO samples doped with Y₂O₃ have an intense and clearly expressed A₁^TO mode, which may be related to the deformation of the powder granules. In the photoluminescence spectra of ZnO powders, with increasing Y₂O₃ concentration, bands at 400 nm are observed due to the appearance of impurities that cause of interstitial zinc and zinc vacancy defects and their broadening with a shift to the long-wave region. Photocatalytic properties of ZnO powders doped with yttrium oxide were investigated using Methyl Orange as a model dye under Osram Ultra-Vitalux lamp (300 W) irradiation. A present result indicates that the obtained powders are potential candidate for the practical application in photocatalysis.

ACID-BASE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF MONOETHANOLAMINE (POLYETHYLENEPOLYAMINE) – CITRIC ACID – WATER SOLUTIONS

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Acid-base and electrochemical behavior in the systems H₃Cit – Am – H₂O (H₃Cit – citric acid; Am – monoethanolamine and polyethylene polyamine) and their structural characteristics features establishment is an urgent task. The pH and conductometric study of protolytic equilibria in the systems HOC₃H₄(COOH)₃ – NH₂CH₂CH₂OH – H₂O and HOC₃H₄(COOH)₃ – NH₂(CH₂CH₂NH)_kH – H₂O was carried out with the total content of citrate forms (citric acid, dihydrogen citrate, hydrogen citrate and citrate anions, cation-molecular complexes and ionic associates) 1.0 M in the temperature range 293 – 313 K. Intermolecular interactions in these systems were estimated in comparison with sodium citrate – citric acid – water solutions at 298 K. The order of components adding affects resulting solutions pH values in contrast to the specific electrical conductivity and density. With the same total citrates content according to the specific electrical conductivity values the studied systems can be arranged in such series: HOC₃H₄(COONa)₃ – HOC₃H₄(COOH)₃ – H₂O > NH₂CH₂CH₂OH – HOC₃H₄(COOH)₃ – H₂O > NH₂(CH₂CH₂NH)_kH – HOC₃H₄(COOH)₃ – H₂O. This is because of the mobility of cations and the additional formation of cation-molecular complexes and ionic associates due to H-bonding in the monoethanolamine and polyethylene polyamine systems. According to densitometry, the organic amine (monoethanolamine or polyethylene polyamine) introduction into an citric acid aqueous solution in contrast to sodium citrate results the structuring of the system. The breaks positions on the densitometric curves correspond to the breaks on the conductometric curves; the studied solutions specific electrical conductivity values correlate with their density. The investigated solutions cation-molecular compositions and ionic strengths were calculated. The cation-molecular complexes and ionic associates concentration and thermodynamic formation constants estimation was carried out. The obtained results can be useful to evaluate of the solutions studied in this work buffer properties as well as for developing of chemisorbents based on them.

PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN THE SYSTEM BASED ON CERIUM DIOXIDE AND LANTHANUM AND YTTERBIUM OXIDES AT A TEMPERATURE OF 1100 оС

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Using information available in the literature, it has been established that in recent times, researchers worldwide have shown increasing interest in materials based on cerium oxide doped with rare earth oxides. As known, phase equilibria in multi-component oxide systems serve as the physicochemical foundation for the development of new materials with improved properties. One of the significant tasks when studying phase equilibria in multi-component systems is to determine the stability boundaries of solid solutions within a specific temperature and concentration range, as well as to identify the existence of ordered phases. In the present study, phase equilibria in the ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Yb₂O₃ system have been investigated over the entire concentration range. An isothermal section of the phase diagram for the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Yb₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1100 °C has been constructed during the research. The obtained results indicate the absence of new phase formation in the investigated system under the utilized technological conditions. Using X-ray phase analysis, it has been determined that the investigated system exhibits the formation of solid solutions based on the (F) modification of CeO₂ with a fluorite-like structure, cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of rare earth element oxides, as well as an ordered phase (R) crystallizing in a perovskite-like structure with rhombohedral distortion. The solubility of CeO₂ in the crystalline lattice of the ordered perovskite-like phase is approximately 2 mol. %. It has been established that this isothermal section is characterized by the formation of two three-phase regions (A+F+R, R+C+F) and five two-phase regions (A+F, A+R, F+R, C+F, C+R). The majority of the mentioned isothermal section is occupied by the three-phase regions.

ENHANCING SHIPBOARD TECHNICAL FACILITY PERFORMANCE THROUGH THE UTILIZATION OF LOW-SULFUR MARINE FUEL GRADES

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

This study explores strategies to enhance the efficiency of marine technical equipment through the adoption of low-sulfur marine fuels. The investigation incorporates a comprehensive analysis, encompassing enthalpy change calculations and thermal efficiency estimates at various temperature differentials. These calculations shed light on the impact of the specific heat capacity of low sulfur marine fuels, a crucial factor in understanding combustion characteristics. Furthermore, provides an assessment of the efficiency of converting heat to mechanical energy, offering valuable insights for optimizing equipment performance. The outcomes of this research contribute to a broader strategy aimed at bolstering the environmental sustainability and efficiency of marine propulsion systems. By scrutinizing the utilization of low sulfur marine fuels, the study seeks to inform decision-making processes by pinpointing temperature ranges that maximize efficiency. The findings also highlight areas with potential for improvement in the performance of marine diesel engines. This holistic approach is integral to fostering advancements in both environmental responsibility and operational effectiveness within the maritime industry.

MECHANISM OF DETERMINING THE KINETICS OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND TEMPERATURE IN MEAT DURING CONDUCTIVE DRYING

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Aim. Establishing the rational thickness of meat during conductive drying based on the obtained kinetics of moisture content and temperature, specific energy consumption and organoleptic evaluation of the quality of dried products. Methods. An experimental stand has been developed for conducting research. Standard methods of analysis were used for the research – duration of the process, output of the finished product, moisture content, etc. Statistical processing of experimental research results was carried out using standard Microsoft Office and Mathcad software packages. Results. The work developed an experimental stand and proposed methods for studying the kinetics of moisture content and temperature in experimental samples of pork meat. The kinetics of moisture content and temperature in pork meat of different thicknesses were determined experimentally. It was established that the determined kinetic dependencies during conductive drying have a common feature with other drying methods, however they are compressed in time. Theoretical models of the kinetics of moisture content in meat and the kinetics of temperature in the surface layers of meat are offered in the form of modified exponents which describe the real kinetics with a reliability up to 95 %. The quality of the finished product was evaluated by the organoleptic method, according to which the dried meat with an initial thickness of 0.003 m was the best. The specific electricity consumption for the process of drying test sample of meat of different thicknesses was studied. Conclusions. A feature of conductive drying of food products is small heat loss and speed of the process. The kinetics of the moisture content of meat during conductive drying were studied. It was established that the highest quality of finished products and the lowest specific electricity consumption can be achieved with the initial thickness of the samples of 0.003 m. It is offered to remove layers of dried meat during drying using physical and electrophysical methods in order to intensify the process of conductive drying.

INVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS COMPONENTS AS POTENTIAL DISINFECTANTS INHIBITORS OF SARS–COV–2 SPIKE GLYCOPROTEIN

Olga O. Ovchynnykova, Kostyantyn M. Sukhyy — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

SARS-CoV-2, deadly virus first reported in 2019 rapidly spread around the globe causing COVID-19. To control the proliferation of the vires governments took measures such as disinfections of public places, mask mandates and social distancing. As a result of a mass disinfection of public places, large amounts of various disinfectants were continuously released into the waste waters causing significant impact on the environment. This large-scale pollution of ground waters, and a possible environmental crisis, led the scientific community towards developing alternative, eco-friendly, and biodegradable products for disinfection. Due to the relatively large mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 virus, it became crucial to become proactive with the utilization of research approaches, hence, the theoretical investigation appeared to be the best course of action. Thus, in this work, we combined two aims: first, creating the benchmark for building efficient homology models of spike glycoproteins receptor-binding domain from different SARS-CoV-2 variants; and the second aim, being a practical application, scanning a database of natural compounds as potential disinfectant products.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SYNTHESIS PARAMETERS ON THE STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF COBALT FERRITE

Liliya A. Frolova, Irina V. Sknar — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The synthesis of cobalt ferrite by plasma chemical method was studied in the work. The influence of pH of the reaction medium, temperature and duration of treatment on magnetic properties, intensity of peaks on X-ray diffraction, average size of crystallites, value of dislocation density was determined using the central composite rotatable planning of the experiment, which is based on the results obtained by X-ray phase analysis, vibrational magnetometry, and electron microscopy. Statistical analysis made it possible to quantitatively assess the influence of the synthesis parameters on the selected response functions. The results showed that the pH of the reaction medium is the parameter that shows the greatest influence both on the growth of cobalt ferrite powder crystallites and on the magnetic properties of the samples obtained by the plasma chemical method.

PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS – FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENTS FOR THE CONFECTIONERY INDUSTRY

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

In recent years, along with the widespread "diseases of civilization," the problem of gastrointestinal diseases has emerged. The problem of dysbiosis attracts close attention of many scientists, because almost 90% of the population suffers from it to some extent, which indicates a very large social and environmental significance of this problem. Prevention and treatment of dysbiosis are associated with the restoration of normal intestinal microflora with the help of pharmacopoeial drugs, biologically active additives, functional foods containing probiotics and prebiotics. Therefore, the modern development of the food industry requires the development of qualitatively new functional foods capable of influencing the normalization of intestinal microbiocenosis. These products will help prevent dysbiosis, maintain and improve health by regulating and normalizing the human body, taking into account its physiological state and age. This article characterizes functional nutrition, considers its place in the structure of modern nutrition, analyzes the feasibility of using pro- and prebiotics as functional ingredients to give confectionery products physiological properties. The modern market of confectionery production with the use of pro- and prebiotics is considered and the prospects of their use as the main functional ingredients in the technology of confectionery products are shown. This approach will allow the development of functional products, the consumption of which will be effective for the normalization of intestinal microflora and prevention of dysbiotic conditions.

RESEARCH OF SOLID FUEL PRODUCTION FROM HORSE CHESTNUT SEEDS

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents the results of experimental studies using horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus hippocastanum) for the production of briquetted alternative solid fuel. Two types of crushed mixtures of horse chestnut seeds were used for the study: kernel and outer shell and kernel only. Calorimetric studies were carried out to determine the main parameters of the unformed and formed material: higher calorific value, ash content, and moisture content. It was determined that the average value of the higher calorific value for the unformed material is: for the mixture of the kernel and the outer shell of the seeds ~17549 kJ/kg, for the mixture of the kernel ~18351 kJ/kg. For the formed briquetted samples, the higher calorific value is ~18835 kJ/kg and ~18878 kJ/kg, respectively. The obtained data are close to the values of plant-based raw materials that are widely used to produce alternative solid fuels.

GREEN ALGAE: FOCUS ON INNOVATION, FUNCTIONALITY AND NATURALNESS

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Today, the need to research natural resources and their introduction into the food industry is intensifying. This is influenced by the rapid increase in the number of the population, the deterioration of the quality of food raw materials and the lack of micronutrients in it. The awareness of consumers about the quality of the diet and supporters of a healthy lifestyle indicates the need to develop food products of a new generation. Due to their high nutritional value, reduced environmental impact and economic sustainability, microalgae as functional ingredients are used to improve the characteristics of a wide range of food products. The combination of various forms of algae biomass with traditional food products will allow not only to expand the production of completely new products, but also to involve in the technological process a segment of raw materials that is new for Ukraine and is familiar to the countries of the East and Europe. Commercial and industrial interest in these organisms is gaining momentum in many countries of the world. Food and beverage manufacturers are expanding the use of microalgae in the food industry to meet consumer demand for organic products adapted to the new diets and eating habits of the world's population. Green microalgae are most popular as ingredients and biologically active additives. Their balanced amino acid composition, rich content of vitamins, macro-microelements, fatty acids, pigments gives these microorganisms advantages in filling the body's deficiency in essential substances. This highlights the importance of conducting research, implementing developments and innovations regarding the use of microalgae by society.

COMPLEX RESEARCH OF NEW ADSORPTION MATERIALS

Iryna K. Yakymenko, Tetyana V. Solodovnik — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

In this work, a comprehensive comparative study of adsorbents obtained by combining coconut coal with coagulants based on aluminium salts (Al₂(SO₄)₃ and AlCl₃) and flocculants (sodium alginate and chitosan) was obtained and carried out for the removal of iron and manganese ions from model solutions. Adsorbents based on coconut coal and flocculants were obtained by the impregnation method followed by drying at a temperature of 50 °C for 6 hours (КАУ+Х1, КАУ+Х2 and КАУ+АН). Adsorbents based on coconut coal and coagulants were produced by adding aluminum salts to an aqueous solution of urea at a temperature of 95 °C with intensive stirring for 30 minutes using coconut coal (КАУ+ AlC КАУ+AlS). The adsorbents were tested for their ability to remove iron and manganese ions from water systems. The comparative characteristics were based on the results of the adsorption kinetics study. It was found that the most effective adsorbent for removing iron and manganese ions is based on coconut coal and sodium alginate flocculant (КАУ+АН), in comparison with coconut coal alone. The recommended contact duration for the adsorbent and adsorbate is 60 minutes. This duration achieves an effective degree of purification for ferric ions (82.5 %) and manganese ions (84.65 %). Compared to КАУ coconut coal and other studied adsorbents, the purification rates for iron ions and manganese ions are 7–15 % and 18–20 % higher, respectively. The study determined that the optimal dose of КАУ+АН adsorbent is 5 g/dm³. The advantages of this adsorbent, which is characterized by a high degree of extraction of iron and manganese ions in static conditions and can be recommended for cleaning aqueous solutions and further research in dynamic conditions, are given.

USE OF CHIA SEEDS IN NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE TECHNOLOGY

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article contains the results of research on the development of recipes for biologically active soft drinks with a healthy effect with original organoleptic properties. Prepared drinking water, concentrated lemon juice, natural honey, sugar, citric acid, aromatizers and unconventional raw materials - chia seeds were used. Xanthan gum was used to give the drink the required viscosity. Raw materials, intermediates and finished products were analyzed by chromatographic and spectrophotometric research methods conventional for beer and non-alcoholic food industry. The studies used prepared water with a total hardness of 0.3 mmol/dm³, a total alkalinity of 1.0 mmol/dm³, a dryresidue of 450 mg/dm³, a pHof 6.5 and a sulfate contentof 25 mg/dm³. Organoleptic and microbiological parameters of chia seeds were studied. The number of mesophilic aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms did not exceed the maximum allowable values, no pathogenic microorganisms were detected. The high nutritional and biological value of chia seeds has been established. The content of carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals was determined. The content of fatty acids in polyunsaturated, saturated and monounsaturated forms was about 30 %. Of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, the content of linolenic (ω-3 acid) was 59.51 %, linoleic (ω-6 acid) – 18.83 %. To give the beverage the required viscosity and provide chia seeds in a suspended state for a long time, it is proposed to use xanthan gum in the amount of 3.0...3.2 g per 1 dm ³ of beverage, which corresponds to the kinematic viscosity of 5.04...5.51 mm²/s. Formulations of six experimental samples of beverages have been developed. Their organoleptic parameters are given. Drinks «Strawberry», «Lemon-mint» and «Honey» are recommended for industrial production. Their organoleptic profile is characterized, and the results of sensory analysis by color, transparency, appearance, aroma and taste are given. The drinks received excellent tasting marks. The obtained research results ensure the production of original non-alcoholic beverages with high taste and aromatic properties and the content of biologically active substances with immunomodulatory and antioxidant action.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF DISINFECTION PROCESS OF DRINKING WATER WITH CHLORINE COMPOUNDS IN URBAN WATER SUPPLY

Olena V. Hruzdieva, Uliana O. Pozdniakova, Vlad V. Holub — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The transition from purchasing liquid chlorine to sodium hypochlorite production has been considered. The advantages and disadvantages of different disinfectants that can be used in the disinfection stage of drinking water have been demonstrated. The focused attention on the drawbacks of using liquid chlorine includes risks during dosing, transportation, storage, and the formation of chlorinated organic compounds, predominantly trichloromethanes, particularly chloroform, which exhibit significant mutagenic effects and a carcinogenic risk. The materials of the Smolinsky water supply and sewerage system of the regional communal water supply and sewerage enterprise "Dnipro-Kirovohrad" regarding the technology of disinfecting natural water and the quality of drinking water have been analyzed. The expediency of using a purchased sodium hypochlorite solution in the disinfection stage of drinking water has been determined. It has been shown through examples that some problems associated with the use of purchased sodium hypochlorite solution can be solved by launching its own production. Changes to the current technological scheme have been proposed with the aim of reducing chlorine by-products and improving the organoleptic properties of drinking water.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE WASTEWATER PURIFICATION PROCESS FROM ORGANIC DYES USING THE FERRITE COMPOSITE

Vita V. Datsenko, Elina B. Khobotova — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The relevance of the work is related to the solution of environmental problems arising from an increase in the amount of industrial waste water contaminated with organic dyes. The aim of the work was to optimize the process of wastewater treatment from organic dyes – methylene blue, methylviolet and Congo red, when using copper-zinc ferrite, taking into account the change in its mechanism over time and varying the process parameters: the concentration of dye solutions or ferrite mass. Quantitative kinetic characteristics of the process of cleaning solutions from organic dyes with a ferrite composite material of the composition Zn_0.875Cu_0.1Fe_4.42O₄ at various mass ratios n = "ferritic composite material: organic dye" are determined. It was proved that the purification of wastewater from organic dyes proceeds through the mechanisms of photocatalytic transformations and sorption and the kinetic characteristics of photocatalytic processes are an order of magnitude higher than those for the adsorption of dyes. An experimental database on wastewater treatment from dyes was created for each mechanism separately. The kinetic equations for the dependence of the concentration of dyes on time and the ratio n are calculated. The cleaning process was optimized for one or two process mechanisms progress while varying the process time, the initial dye concentration or ferrite mass, depending on the need to achieve certain process rates and the depth of cleaning. A scheme of a method for optimizing the process of wastewater treatment from organic dyes using a copper-zinc ferrite composite is proposed. The results are aimed at improving the efficiency and completeness of the purification process. A significant increase in the economic effect of the introduction of the cleaning process is predicted, since it is proposed to use waste from galvanic production for the production of copper-zinc ferrites.

INVESTIGATION OF THE BASIC LAWS OF THE KINETICS OF BIOCATALYTIC HYDROLYSIS OF VEGETABLE OIL

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Since the day a person is born, nutrition plays a key part in maintaining his or her health by shaping the longevity potential. Different kinds of nutrients, ingested through food and transformed into structural elements of cells through complex biochemical processes, provide the body with building blocks and energy, determining health, physical, and mental activity, as well as life expectancy. Among such substances are polyunsaturated fatty acids, known to exert an active effect on blood plasma lipids. In particular, they reduce excess low-density cholesterol and significantly reduce the risk of developing and aggravating diseases caused by atherosclerosis. The biocatalytic hydrolysis of vegetable oils is a promising process for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A comprehensive study of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the above process was carried out, which allowed us to develop a relevant mathematical model and identify the basic laws of kinetics. The rate constants of the direct and reverse reactions running in the reaction systems, as well as the equilibrium constants of each of them, were determined. The data obtained were used to compute the thermodynamic parameters and draw conclusions about the contribution of each reaction to the overall process. The results of this investigation will be a scientific basis for the development of an industrial biocatalytic technology for the hydrolysis of vegetable oils to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, highly demanded in the food industry.

DEVELOPMENT OF MEAT-CONTAINING SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS WITH PIKE MEAT AND HEMP SEED PROTEIN

Nataliia V. Bozhko, Василь І. Тищенко, Tetiana M. Stepanova — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Метою роботи було обґрунтування використання регіональних, нетрадиційних видів сировини, таких як м’ясо щуки (Esox lucius) та протеїн з насіння коноплі (Cannabis Sativa L.) в технології виробництва м’ясо-містких посічених напівфабрикатів для підвищення харчової цінності та покращення функціонально-технологічних показників виробів. У 3-х дослідних зразках м’ясомістких напівфабрикатів на основі аналогу, в яких замінювали індиче м’ясо механічної обвалки на м’ясо щуки, а борошно з насіння коноплі – на протеїн з насіння коноплі гідратований у співвідношенні з водою 1 : 1 у кількості 8, 10 і 12 %. Дослідження показали, що гідратований протеїн з насіння коноплі у співвідношенні 1 : 1 мав найкращі параметри для введення у фаршеві системи. Показано, що вологозв’язуюча здатність м’яса щуки становить 76.41–86.31 %, граничне напруження зсуву 4.59–6.27 Па, пластичність 25.31–26.17 см²/г×10³, що підтверджує високі функціонально-технологічні властивості м'язової тканини щуки і робить її придатною для виробництва фаршевої продукції, в тому числі напівфабрикатів. Встановлено, що введення до складу фаршу м’ясомістких напівфабрикатів гідратованого протеїну з насіння коноплі у кількості 8–12 % і м’яса щуки у кількості 30.5 % підвищує водозв’язувальну здатність фаршу дослідних зразків до загальної вологи до 97.7 %. Доведено, що використання протеїну з насіння коноплі у рецептурі напівфабрикатів приводить до підвищення вологоутримуючої здатності на 7.45–9.22 %, емульгуючої здатності на 8.72–18.21 %, стабільності емульсії до 7.65 %, жироутримуючої здатності на 4.18–19.57 %. Використання м’яса свинини, гідробіонтів та протеїну з насіння коноплі у рецептурах м'ясомістких посічених напівфабрикатів дозволяє збільшити вихід готової продукції на 20.36–24.33 % порівняно з контролем, отримати готові котлети з високими органолептичними показниками. Пpoвeдeнi мікробіологічні дocлiджeння розроблених напівфабрикатів та аналога підтверджують мікробіологічну безпечність виготовлених виробів. Запропоновані нововведення зумовлює підвищення масової частки протеїну у готових виробах на 3.43–12.5 %, зниження вмісту жиру на 21.01–25.10 % і калорійності продукту на 12.74 %.

USE OF THE SUNFLOWER OIL PRODUCTION REGENERATED WASTE AS PART OF ELASTOMER COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TYRE ELEMENTS MANUFACTURING

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The development of domestic environmentally friendly ingredients for elastomer compositions corresponds not only to global environmental trends, but also contributes to the sustainable development of industry and improving competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises. The unique compound of spent filter materials at the stage of sunflower oil winterization allowed, after regeneration, to use their certain components as part of elastomer compositions, namely, its inorganic part – as filler, and the organic one – as a technological active additive. The aim of this work was to assess the applicability of the oil-, wax-containing fraction obtained from the sunflower oil winterization waste as part of elastomer compositions used to manufacture the sidewall of agricultural diagonal tyres and breakers of passenger tyres. The study found the investigated oil-, wax-containing fraction, being part of elastomer compounds, has a multifunctional effect. It can act as: 1) a technological active additive that increases the adhesive properties of the rubber compounds (tackiness and cohesive strength) by up to 20 per cent; 2) a stabilizing additive against thermal destruction, which a quarter to increase the stress-strain properties of rubber; 3) an anti-fatigue with 30 per cent efficiency.

RESEARCH OF FACTORS INFLUENCED ON FOAM FORMATION OF PROTEIN HYDROCOLLOIDS

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The purpose of the study was to select proteins for a complex supplement that is included in the recipe of whipped mousse-type desserts: collagen hydrolyzate and gelatin (type A), whose isoelectric point is in the range of pH = 6.5–8.5, in contrast to the isoelectric point of gelatin (type B) , which is closer to the pH of the whipped product (mousse) (pH = 4.8–5.2), and has a higher probability of turbidity or sedimentation. The use of fish collagen hydrolyzate separately or in combination with other proteins to form the foam structure of whipped desserts was investigated. The optimal concentration of structure formers was chosen by determining the foaming ability and foam stability of protein hydrocolloids, as well as their ratio in the complex was selected for introduction into the production technology of whipped mousse-type desserts. The foaming ability and foam stability of gelatin (type A) and collagen hydrolyzate were also investigated in comparison with dry egg white. Collagen hydrolyzate is deficient in arginine and cysteine compared to dry egg white. The high content of oxyproline and oxylysine – 15.42 % – indicates a significant content of collagen in fish raw materials. The surface tension of solutions of protein hydrocolloids in an aqueous environment and in cream with a fat content of 33 % was investigated. The presented results of studies of the foaming ability and foam stability of proteins show the influence of various factors: temperature and pH of the solution on achieving the desired result, i.e. for obtaining a complex of protein hydrocolloids at a concentration of 1.0% and with an optimal ratio of protein components of hydrolyzate collagen and gelatin (type A) 80 : 20.

N-BENZYLOXY-N-METHOXYREA. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Aim. To synthesize of N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea from the methanolysis of N-acetoxy-N-benzyloxyurea and to investigate its structure using the XRD study. Methods. Mass spectrometry, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, XRD study. Results. N-Benzyloxy-N-chlorourea was synthesized with high yield of the N-benzyloxyurea by the chlorination by tert-butyl hypochlorite. We have proved that the interaction of with sodium acetate in acetonitrile medium at room temperature leads to the formation of N-acetoxy-N-benzyloxyurea with the moderate yield. It has been also found that the methanolysis of N-acetoxy-N-benzyloxyurea at room temperature is a convenient method of the N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea synthesis. The structure of the synthesized N-benzyloxy-N-chlorourea, N-acetoxy-N-benzyloxyurea and N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea was confirmed by the data of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra, IR spectra and mass spectra. Also, the XRD study of N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea structure proved our assumptions: O–N–O nitrogen atom (N2) in N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea is sp³ hybridized and has pyramidal configuration. The carbamoyl nitrogen atom (N1) has planar configuration. After comparison of the amide bond of the received N-benzyloxy-N-metoxyurea with the similar bond in unsubstituted N-benzyloxyurea and H₂N(1)–C(=O) bond of N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea we have found the significant elongation of the amide BnO(MeO)N(2)–C(=O) bond of N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea. The molecular packings in the crystal of N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea and N-benzyloxyurea is different. Conclusions. As the result of our study the anomeric N-benzyloxy-N-chlorourea, N-acetoxy-N-benzyloxyurea and N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea have been synthesized. The structure of N-benzyloxy-N-methoxyurea has been thoroughly analyzed.

REFLECTANCE AND COLORIMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF METALLOCOMPLEXES OF FLAVONOIDS FROM CANADIAN GOLDENROD

Volodymyr S. Fedenko — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The results of solid-phase analysis of complexes of flavonoids with Ca(II) and Al(III), which were obtained from the aqueous extract of the inflorescences of the canadian goldenrod, are presented. The methods of reflectance spectroscopy in the visible range and colorimetry (CIE XYZ, CIE L*a*b* systems) were used to characterize the preparations. A bathochromic shift of the long-wave band in the reflectance spectra of the complexes relative to unassociated flavonoids was revealed, which is associated with an increase in the degree of conjugation in the chromophore system as a result of binding with metal ions. The criteria of differential spectrophotometry and colorimetry are proposed to confirm the differences between the complexes of flavonoids with Ca(II) and Al(III). The obtained results confirm the prospect of expanding the raw material base for obtaining biologically active metal complexes of flavonoids, improve the methodological basis of non-destructive analysis of dyes such as aluminum lakes, and can also be used in the development of biohybrid materials.

A PERSON WHO INSPIRES BY HIS OWN EXAMPLE

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article is dedicated to the anniversary of the birth of Lyudmila Pavlovna Tsyganok. A well-known scientist in the field of analytical chemistry, founder and head of a scientific school for studying the properties of heteropoly complexes, professor, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, honored educator of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University.

After graduating from the Faculty of Chemistry of Dnepropetrovsk State University in 1958, Lyudmila Pavlovna worked as a laboratory assistant at the Dnepropetrovsk Institute of Chemical Technology. In 1964, she began her teaching and scientific activities at her Alma mater at the Faculty of Chemistry. For a long time, Lyudmila Pavlovna was the head of the Department of Analytical chemistry. Later, she headed the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of High Molecular Compounds. The range of scientific interests of L. P. Tsiganok was mainly devoted to the chemistry of heteropoly complexes. The scientific school, which she headed and actively developed for a long time, was engaged in the study of the physicochemical and chemical-analytical properties of heteropoly anions, the determination of optimal conditions for the controlled synthesis of heteropoly complexes, the development and implementation of modern methods for analyzing real objects using heteropoly complexes as analytical reagents. Lyudmila Pavlovna for the first time proved the possibility of formation and existence of molybdenum heteropoly complexes of Keggin structure for elements of group IIIA - Gallium, Indium and Thallium. Lyudmila Pavlovna repeatedly headed the implementation of state budget topics and was the supervisor of dissertation works of graduate students and two doctoral students. She is author of more than 380 publications, 2 monographs, 5 author's certificates, 5 patents. L. P. Tsiganok has trained more than one generation of scientists and teachers working in educational institutions in Ukraine and around the world.

ATOMIC-ABSORPTION DETERMINATION OF CHROMIUM IN TABLE SALT USING MATRIX EXTRACTION SEPARATION AND ULTRASOUND ACTION

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The use of ultrasound in the determination of chromium in table salt using the extraction of the macrocomponent was investigated. The method of extractive separation of the base allows determination of the chromium content in table salt without destroying organic substances. Optimal conditions for dissolving the base in hydrogen peroxide (90 %) were experimentally established: temperature – from –20 to –25 °C, ultrasound frequency 18–44 kHz, intensity 0.5–0.8 W/cm² , action time 20–25 s, respectively. At the same time, the maximum possible solubility of sodium chloride in hydrogen peroxide is achieved - up to 42 g/100 ml. It was established that the simultaneous use of high-frequency ultrasound (1.0–2.0 MHz, 0.25–0.50 W/cm 2 ) and low-frequency ultrasound (18–100 kHz, 0.15–0.25 W/cm²) increases the solubility of sodium chloride in hydrogen peroxide from 42 to 47 g/100 ml, increase the degree of extraction of the injected part of chromium from 94–95 to 98–99 %. Methods for determining chromium content in common salt using low-frequency ultrasound, as well as simultaneous action of high- and low-frequency ultrasound with improved metrological characteristics of the results of analysis of common salt, have been developed.

GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION DETERMINATION OF Ge (IV) AFTER ITS CLOUD POINT EXTRACTION

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

In the current study the conditions for cloud point extraction preconcentration of Ge(IV) in the form of a complex with 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-diphenylbenzopyrylium bromide in the micellar phase of the nonionic surfactant triton X-100 were studied and optimized. It is shown that the introduction of ammonium benzoate into the studied system with a Triton X-100 nonionic surfactant concentration of 0.5 vol.% and adjusting pH to 1.0 leads to the immediate initiation of the formation of a micellar phase at room temperature. The method of graphite furnace atomic absorption determination of Ge(IV) after its cloud point extraction preconcentration as complex with 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-diphenylbenzopyrylium bromide has been developed. The calibration graph is linear in the concentration range of 0.05-5.5 mg/dm³, and the limits of detection and quantification are 0.015 and 0.05 mg/dm³, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of standard reference materials of geological samples, and the relative standard deviation does not exceed 4.9%.