OBTAINING TECHNOLOGY FOR NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON POLYAMIDE-6 AND ORGANOMODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/081802Keywords:
extrusion, montmorillonіte, delamination, nanocompositesAbstract
The obtaining technology of nanocomposites based on polyamide-6 and organomodified montmorillonite is developed. The technological parameters of extrusion and injection molding, and their influence on the formation of nanoscale inorganic phase of the polyamide are investigated. Morphology and thermal behavior of polyamide-6, composites based on polyamide-6 and modified montmorillonite are studied by WAXS, XRD, DTA and DSC data. Morphology and thermal behavior of polyamide-6 and composites based on polyamide-6 and modified montmorillonite are shown to be in a strong juxtaposition. New γ-phase formation is revealed in composite polyamide-6 – 1–2 % of modified montmorillonite in contrast with polyamide-6 and mechanical mixtures of polyamide-6 and montmorillonite. Optimal concentrations of modified montmorillonite in the composites stated as 1 – 2 % are shown to correspond with composites improved properties as compared to initial polyamide-6. It is explained by increasing crystallinity degree, which resulted from acting of modified montmorillonite particles as nucleation heterogenetic agents.
References
Utracki, L. A. (2004). Clay-containing polymeric nanocomposites. Smithers Rapra Publishing, Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY4 4NR, UK.
Wang, W., Zhang, H., Jia, R., Dai Ya., Dong, H., Hou, H., Guo, Q. (2018). High performance extrusion blown starch/polyvinyl alcohol/clay nanocomposite films Food Hydrocolloids, 79, 534–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.12.013
De León-Almazan, C. M., Estrada-Moreno, I. A., Páramo-García, U., Rivera-Armenta, J. L. (2018). Polyaniline/clay nanocomposites. A comparative approach on the doping acid and the clay spacing technique. Synthetic Metals, 236, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.01.006
Chen, Ch., Khobaib, M., Curliss, D. (2003). Epoxy layered–silicate nanocomposites, Progress in Organic Coatings, 47, 376–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00130-9
Li, X., Yang, J., Zhou, X., Wei, Q., Li, J., Biwei, Q., Wunderlich, K., Wang, X. (2018). Effect of compatibilizer on morphology, rheology and properties of SEBS/clay nanocomposites. Polymer Testing. 67, 435–440 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.03.037
Zare, Y., Rhee, K. Y. (2017). Multistep modeling of Young’s modulus in polymer/clay nanocomposites assuming the intercalation/exfoliation of clay layers and the interphase between polymer matrix and nanoparticles. Composites Part A: Appl. Sci. and Manufacturing. 102, 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.08.004
Zhong, Y., Zhu, Z., Wang, S. (2005). Synthesis and rheological properties of polystyrene/layered silicate nanocomposites. Polymer, 46, 3006–3013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.014
Iturrondobeitia, M., Ibarretxe, J., Okariz, A., Jimbert, P., Fernandez-Martinez, R., Guraya, T. (2018). Semi-automated quantification of the microstructure of PLA/clay nanocomposites to improve the prediction of the elastic modulus. Polymer Testing, 66, 280–291 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.01.015
Zabihi, O., Ahmadi, M., Nikafshar, S., Preyeswary, K. Ch., Naebe, M. (2018). A technical review on epoxy-clay nanocomposites: Structure, properties, and their applications in fiber reinforced composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 135, 1–24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.066
Kotal, M., Bhowmick, A. K. (2015). Polymer nanocomposites from modified clays: Recent advances and challenges. Progress in Polymer Sci., 51, 127–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.001
Belušáková, S., Sola-Llano, R., Lopez Arbeloa, I., Martínez-Martínez, V., Bujdák, J. (2018). Resonance energy transfer between dye molecules in hybrid films of a layered silicate, including the effect of dye concentration thereon. Appl. Clay Sci., 155, 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.01.001
Volzone, C., Garrido, L. B. (2012). High Temperature Structural Modifications of Intercalated Montmorillonite Clay Mineral with OH-Al Polymers. Procedia Materials Sci., 1, 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2012.06.022
Yebra-Rodriguez, A., Alvarez-Lloret, P., Cardell, C. A., Rodriguez-Navarro, B. (2011). Influence of processing conditions on the optical and crystallographic properties of injection molded polyamide-6 and polyamide-6/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Appl. Clay Sci., 51, 414–418 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.031
Faghihi, K., Taher, M., Hajibeygi, M. (2016). Preparation and characterization of newpolyamide / montmorillonite nanocomposites containing azo moiety in the main chain. Arab. J. Chem., 9, S1496–S1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.03.010
Beuguel, Q., Ville, J., Crepin-Leblond, J., Mederic, P., Aubry, T. (2017). Influence of clay mineral structure and polyamide polarity on the structural and morphological properties of clay polypropylene / polyamide nanocomposites. Appl. Clay Sci., 135, 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.034
Zulfiqar, S., Sarwar, M. I. (2009). Synthesis and Characterization of Aromatic–Aliphatic Polyamide Nanocomposite Films Incorporating a Thermally Stable Organoclay. Nanoscale Res. Lett., 4, 391–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9258-1
Follain, N., Alexandre, B., Chappey, C., Colasse, L., Médéric, P., Marais, S. (2016). Barrier properties of polyamide 12/montmorillonite nanocomposites: Effect of clay structure and mixing conditions. Composites Sci. and Technol., 136, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.09.023
Wang, Z., Pinnavaia, T. J. (1998). Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites: exfoliation of magadiite nanolayers in an elastomeric epoxy polymer. Chem. Mater., 10, 1820–1826. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm970784o
Burnside, S.D., Giannelis, E. P. (1995). Synthesis and properties of new poly (dimethylsiloxane) nanocomposites. Chem. Mater., 7, 1597–1600. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00057a001
Alexandre, M., Dubois, P. (2000). Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials. Mater. Sci. Eng., 28, 1–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00012-7
Zulfiqar, S., Ahmad, Z., Ishaq, M., Saeed, S., Sarwar, M. I. (2007). Thermal and mechanical properties of SEBS-g-MA based inorganic composite materials. J. Mater. Sci., 42, 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1082-8
Paul, M. A., Alexandre, M., Degée, P., Henrist, C., Rulmont, A., Dubois, P. (2003). New nanocomposite materials based on plasticized poly (L-lactide) and organo-modified montmorillonites: thermal and morphological study. Polymer, 44, 443–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00778-4
Messersmith, P. B., Giannelis, E. P. (1994). Synthesis and characterization of layered silicate-epoxy nanocomposites. Chem. Mater., 6, 1719–1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00046a026
Rao, Y. Q., Liu, A., O'Connell, K. (2018). Barrier properties and structure of liquid crystalline epoxy and its nanocomposites. Polymer, 142, 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.027
Uthirakumar, P., Hahn, Y., Nahm, K. (2005). Exfoliated high–impact polystyrene/MMT nanocomposites prepared using anchored cationic radical initiator–MMT hybrid. European Polymer J., 35, 987–995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.01.017
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors reserve the right of attribution for the submitted manuscript, while transferring to the Journal the right to publish the article under the Creative Commons Attribution License. This license allows free distribution of the published work under the condition of proper attribution of the original authors and the initial publication source (i.e. the Journal)
- Authors have the right to enter into separate agreements for additional non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form it was published in the Journal (such as publishing the article on the institutional website or as a part of a monograph), provided the original publication in this Journal is properly referenced
- The Journal allows and encourages online publication of the manuscripts (such as on personal web pages), even when such a manuscript is still under editorial consideration, since it allows for a productive scientific discussion and better citation dynamics (see The Effect of Open Access).
