EFFECT OF HEAT PUMP TEMPERATURE ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF BEETROOTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v29i4.240470Keywords:
beetroot; heat pump drying; betalain; rehydration ratio; total flavonoid; antioxidant capacityAbstract
Beetroot is a widely consumed vegetable in the world. However, it is easily dehydrated and perishable, causing great waste and financial losses. Heat pump drying is an efficient and low-cost method, widely used in temperature sensitive vegetables and fruits processing to produce new products and extend the shelf life of food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of heat pump drying temperatures ranging from 45 to 65°C on the physical properties, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of dried beetroots. The results showed that increasing heat pump drying temperature from 45 to 65°C could significantly decrease drying time and rehydration ratio of dried beetroots (p < 0.05). The beetroots dried at 50°C showed the smallest total color difference (∆E) in comparison to freeze-dried beetroots, and there was no significant effect on the ∆E of beetroots dried at different drying temperatures (p > 0.05). The content of bioactive compounds in dried beetroots, including betacyanin, betaxanthin, ascorbic acid, total phenolic and total flavonoid, all increased with increasing of drying temperatures from 45 to 65°C and showed the highest values at 65°C. Beside this, the 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values of dried beetroots had the same tendencies with drying temperature, significantly increased with drying temperature and both reached the maximum values at 65°C. However, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability decreased significantly with the increase of drying temperature (p < 0.05). As to bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of dried beetroots, it is considered that 65°C is the optimal temperature for heat pump drying of beetroots.
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