USING MODIFIED BIOCHAR FROM BAGASSA FOR REMOVAL HEAVY METAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v30i3.262094Keywords:
adsorption; metals; bagasse; pyrolysis; biochar; sulfides; sulfate-reducing bacteria.Abstract
Today, the development of environmentally friendly technologies for the detoxification of heavy metals in environmental objects is relevant. One of the promising areas is the production of carbon sorption materials (biochar) from lignocellulosic waste. Plant waste is a promising natural renewable material for ecosorbents. Biochar is a stable carbon-containing product that is synthesized as a result of pyrolysis (carbonization) of plant biomass. In this study, the possibility of obtaining an ecosorbent from bagasse (vegetable waste from sugarcane production) was studied. When obtaining ecosorbents for the absorption of complex compounds of heavy metal ions, chemical and biological modification of biochar was used. Sulfur-containing biochar was obtained by chemical modification by one-stage pyrolysis of raw materials together with sulfur-containing reagents. Sulfur-containing biochar has a high absorption capacity compared to the original biochar. Its specificity is due to the formation of insoluble heavy metal sulfides on the surface and in the pores of the sorbent. Microbiological modification leads to the creation of a biosorption material for the strong binding of heavy metal ions. Sulfate-reducing bacteria immobilized on the surface of biochar are able to convert sorbed heavy metals into insoluble sulfide forms. A comprehensive study of the structural-porous and sorption properties of the original and modified bagasse biochar has been carried out. Comparative analysis of the adsorption capacity of the original bagasse, biochar from bagasse, biochar modified with sulfur, and biochar with sulfate-reducing bacteria immobilized on its surface showed that chemically and biologically modified biochar from sugar cane bagasse can strongly bind heavy metal ions. It was noted that sulfur-containing biochar and biochar with immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria have a high absorption capacity (more than 90 %) with respect to Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions at an initial concentration of 2 to 5 MPC. The studies show that chemically and biologically modified sugarcane bagasse biochar can be used as effective ecosorbents for heavy metal detoxification in water and soil environments. Their main property is the ability to form insoluble sulfide forms of metals on the surface and in the pores of the ecosorbent.
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