MODIFIED RICE HUSK BIOCHAR FOR BINDING Cd(II), Cu(II) IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v30i4.268174

Keywords:

adsorption; cadmium; copper; rice husk; pyrolysis; biochar; chemical modification,; sulfides.

Abstract

The possibility of obtaining an ecosorbent based on carbon material from rice husks modified with sulfur for the removal of Cd(II), Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions is substantiated. The features of obtaining and modifying coal material from rice husks are noted. The temperature parameters and the duration of the pyrolysis process were determined experimentally from the conditions of the maximum content of biochar in the pyrolyzate. Sulfur-containing biochar was obtained by chemical modification by one-stage co-pyrolysis of rice husks with sulfur-containing reagents at a temperature of 350–400 °C. The resulting sulfur-containing ecosorbent has thermal stability and mechanical strength. A comprehensive study of the structural-porous and sorption properties of the original and sulfur-modified biochar has been carried out. The sorption capacity of the initial biochar from rice husks and sulfur-containing biochar was estimated from the decrease in the concentration of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions in aqueous solutions of CuSO4·5H2O and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O salts before and after treatment with ecosorbent. The initial concentrations of pollution in water and soil media were 2–6 mg/L for Cd(II) and 132–396 mg/L for Cu(II). Sulfur-containing biochar has a high absorption capacity for Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions (more than 90 %) compared to the original biochar. Its specificity is due to the formation of insoluble cadmium and copper sulfides on the surface and in the pores of the sorbent. Studies show that sulfur-modified rice husk biochar can strongly bind heavy metal ions and be used as an effective ecosorbent for the purification of aqueous solutions. The key property is the ability to form insoluble sulfide forms of metals on the surface and in the pores of the ecosorbent.

Author Biographies

Lyudmila I. Khokhlova , Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

PhD, Senior Researcher

Department of Ecological Chemistry

Andriy V. Khokhlov, Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of the NAS of Ukraine

PhD, Senior Researcher, Candidate of Technical Sciences

References

Kamar, F. H., Nechifor, A. C., Mohammed, A. A., Albu, P. C. (2015). Craciun M.E. Removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using walnut shells as low-cost adsorbent materials, Revista de Chimie, 66(5), 615-620.

Meyer, S.; Glaser, B., Quicker, P. (2011). Technical, economical, and climate-related aspects of biochar production technologies. A literature review, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 9473–9483. doi: 10.1021/es201792c

Ahmed, M. J. K, Ahmaruzzama, M. (2016). A review on potential usage of industrial waste materials for binding Heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, J. Water Process. Eng., 10, 39–47. doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.01.014

Ngah, W. S. W., Hanafiah M. A. K. M. (2008). Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater by Chemically Modi-fied Plant, Wastes as Adsorbents: A Review, Bioresource Technology, 99, 3935–3948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.011

El-Moselhy, K. M., Azzem, M. A., Amer, A., Al-Prol, A. E. (2017). Adsorption of Cu (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solution by using rice husk adsorbent, Physical Chemistry: An Indian Journal, 12(2), 1–13.

Atafar, Z., Mesdaghinia, A., Nouri, J., Homaee, M., Yunesian, M., Ahmadimoghaddam, M. (2010). Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration, Environ. Monit, Asses., 160., 83–89. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0659-x

Reddy, D. H. K., Seshaia, K., Reddy, A. V. R., Rao, M. M., Wang M. C. (2010) Biosorption of Pb2+ from Aqueous Solutions by Moringa oleifera Bark: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174, 831–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.128

Boonstra, J., Dijman, Н., Lawrence, R. Buisman, C. J. N. (2002). Water treatment and metals recycling using biogenic sulfide. Recycling and waste treatment in mineraland metal processing: technical and economic aspects, Lulea, Sweden., l, 691-698.

Liu, X., Na, S., Lu, Z. D., Liu, Z. (2013). Adsorption, Concentration, and Recovery of Aqueous Heavy Metal Ions with the Root Powder of Eichhornia crassipes, Ecological Engineering, 60, 160–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.039

Xu, M., Yin, P., Liu, X., Tang, Q., Qu, R., Xu Q. (2013). Utilization of Rice Husks Modified by Organomultipho-sphonic Acids as Low-Cost Biosorbents for Enhanced Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions, Bioresource Technology, 149, 420-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.075

Ibrahim M.N.M., Ngah W.S.W., Norliyana M.S., Daud W.R., Rafatullah M., Sulaiman O., et al. (2010). A Novel Agricultural Waste Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions, Journal of Hazardous Mate-rials, 182, 377-385.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.044

Kwon J.S., Yun S.T., Lee J.H., Kim S.O. and Jo H.Y. (2010). Removal of Divalent Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and Arsenic (III) from Aqueous Solutions Using Scoria: Kinetics and Equilibria of Sorption, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174, 307-313.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.052

Demirbas A. (2008). Heavy Metal Adsorption onto Agro-Based Waste Materials: A Review, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 157, 220-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.024

Dahu Ding, Liang Zhou, Fuxing Kang, Shengjiong Yang, Rongzhi Chen, Tianming Cai, Xiaoguang Duan, Shaobin Wang. (2020). Synergistic Adsorption and Oxidation of Ciprofloxacin by Biochar Derived from Metal-Enriched Phytoremediation Plants: Experimental and Computational Insights, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12, 48, 53788-53798. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c15861

Yunchao Li, Bo Xing, Xiaoliu Wang, Kaige Wang, Lingjun Zhu, Shurong Wang. (2019). Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchical Porous Biochar Derived from Corn Stalks for Phenol-Enhanced, Adsorption. Energy & Fuel., 33, 12, 12459-12468. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02924

Kaur R., Singh J., Khare R., Cameotra S.S. and Ali A. (2013). Batch Sorption Dynamics, Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies of Cr(VI), Ni(II) and Cu(II) from Aqueous Phase Using Agricultural Residues, Applied Water Science, 3, 207-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13201-012-0073-y

Liang S., Guo X. and Tian Q. (2011). Adsorption of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from Aqueous Solution by Sulfured Orange Peel, Desalination, 275, 212-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.001

Merike Peld, Kaiato Tonsuaadu and Villem Bender. (2004). Sorption and Desorption of Cd2+ and Zn2+ Ions in Apatite-Aqueous Systems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 5626-5631.

Witoon, T., Chareonpanich, M., Limtrakul, J. (2008). Synthesis of bimodal porous silica from rice husk ash via sol-gel process using chitosan as template, Materials Letters, 62(10-11), 1476–1479.

Kamar, F. H., Nechifor, A. C., Mohammed, A. A., Albu P. C., Craciun, M. E. (2015). Removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using walnut shells as low-cost adsorbent materials, Revista de Chimie, 66(5), 615-620.

El-Moselhy, K. M., Azzem, M. A., Amer, A., Al-Prol, A. E. (2017). Adsorption of Cu (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solution by using rice husk adsorbent, Physical Chemistry: An Indian Journal, 12(2), 1–13.

Liu, D.; Li, B.; Wu, J.; Liu, Y. (2020). Elemental mercury capture from industrial gas emissions using sulfides and selenides, A review. Environ. Chem. Lett, 19, 1–17.

Fang, L.; Li, L.; Qu, Z.; Xu, H.; Xu, J.; Yan, N. (2018) A novel method for the sequential removal and separation of multiple heavy metals from wastewater. J. Hazard. Mater., 342, 617–624.

Xia, D.; Gong, F.; Pei, X.; Wang, W.; Li, H.; Zeng, W.; Wu, M. (2018). Papavassiliou, D.V. Molybdenum and tungsten disulfides-based nanocomposite films for energy storage and conversion: A review. Chem. Eng. J., 348, 908–928.

Annachhatre, A. P., Suktrakoolvait, S. (2001). Biological sulfate reduction using molasses as a carbon source. Water Environment Research, 73, 118–126

Downloads

Published

2023-01-26