GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION DETERMINATION OF Ge (IV) AFTER ITS CLOUD POINT EXTRACTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v32i1.296398Keywords:
Germanium (IV), complexation, cloud point extraction, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasmaAbstract
In the current study the conditions for cloud point extraction preconcentration of Ge(IV) in the form of a complex with 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-diphenylbenzopyrylium bromide in the micellar phase of the nonionic surfactant triton X-100 were studied and optimized. It is shown that the introduction of ammonium benzoate into the studied system with a Triton X-100 nonionic surfactant concentration of 0.5 vol.% and adjusting pH to 1.0 leads to the immediate initiation of the formation of a micellar phase at room temperature. The method of graphite furnace atomic absorption determination of Ge(IV) after its cloud point extraction preconcentration as complex with 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-diphenylbenzopyrylium bromide has been developed. The calibration graph is linear in the concentration range of 0.05-5.5 mg/dm3, and the limits of detection and quantification are 0.015 and 0.05 mg/dm3, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of standard reference materials of geological samples, and the relative standard deviation does not exceed 4.9%.
References
Scoyer, J., Guislain, H. J., Wolf, H. (2000) Germanium and Germanium Compounds. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 16, 629–641. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a12_351.
Sabarudin, A., Umemura, T., Motomizu, S. (2011) Chitosan functionalized with di-2-propanolamine: Its application as solid phase extractant for the determination of germanium in water samples by ICP-MS. Microchem. J. 99, 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2011.03.004
Ponomarenko, O., Samchuk, A., Vovk, K., Shvaika, I., Grodzinskaya, G. (2019). Germanium determination in environmental object by the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Ukrainian Chemistry Journal, 85(4), 110–113. https://doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.85.4.2019.110-113
McMahon, M., Regan, F., Hughes, H. (2006) The determination of total germanium in real food samples including Chinese herbal remedies using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Food Chem. 97, 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.018
Matusiewicz, H., Krawczyk, M. (2000) Determination of germanium and tin and inorganic tin species by hydride generation in situ trapping flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Lett. 43, 2543–2562. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032711003725631
Boÿkübayram, A.E., Volkan, M. (2000) Cloud point preconcentration of germanium and determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 55: 1073–1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00233-0
Schreiter, N., Wiche, O., Aubel, I., Roode-Gutzmer, Q., Bertau, M. (2021) Determination of germanium in plant and soil samples using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR CS GFAAS) with solid sampling, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 220, 106674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106674.
Kaya, M., Volkan, M. (2011) Germanium determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry: An increased vapor pressure-chloride generation system, Talanta, 84 (1), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.029
Skwarczynska-Wojsa, A.L., Piech, A. & Wojton, A. (2021) Determination of germanium and other trace elements concentration in mineral waters of Low Beskid (Poland) used for crenotherapy. Environ Earth Sci, 80, 57 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09344-1
Ezer, M., Gondi, R., Kennehan, E., Simeonsson, J.B. (2019) Trace determination of Germanium by continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced fluorescence spectrometry, Anal. Lett., 52(7), 1125–1137. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1521827
Gökmeşe, F., Gökmeşe, E., Solak, A.O. (2008) A new adsorptive square-wave stripping voltammetric method for the trace analysis of germanium. Hacettepe J. Biol. Chem. 36, 215–221.
Tomita, H., Samukawa, N., Asano, M., Yamaguchi, T., Matsumura, H., Fujita, Y. (2016) Spectrophotometric determination of germanium(IV) and organogermanes with o-sulfophenylfluorone. Bunseki kagaku. 65, 465–470. https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.65.465
Ivanyca, L.A., Klymkyna, A.Ju., Chmylenko, T.S., Chmylenko F.A. (2016) [Determination of tin and germanium with nonylfluorone and polymer flocculants in plant materials], Vìsnik Dnìpropetrovs’kogo unìversitetu. Serìâ hìmìâ, 24(1), 27–35. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.15421/081605
Selivanova, T., Vishnikin, A., Tsiganok, L. (2020) Visual test determination of trace amounts of germanium in the form of an ionic associate of 12-molybdogermanate with astrafloxin, E3S Web of Conferences 166, 01013. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016601013
Snigur, D., Azooz, E.A., Zhukovetska, O., Guzenko, O., Mortada, W. (2023) Recent innovations in cloud point extraction towards a more efficient and environmentally friendly procedure, TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem., 164, 117113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.117113
Snigur, D., Barbalat, D., Fizer, M., Chebotarev, A., Shishkina, S. (2020) Synthesis and properties of 6,7-dihydroxybenzopyrylium perchlorate halogen derivatives: X-ray, spectroscopic and theoretical studies. Tetrahedron. 76, 131514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2020.131514.
Fizer, M., Fizer, O., Barbalat, D., Shishkina, S., Snigur, D. (2022) Structural peculiarities of new benzopyrylium dyes: X-ray, FT-IR, and DFT complex study. J. Molec. Struct. 1252, 132178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132178.
Zhukovetska, O.M., Guzenko, O.M., Mariychuk, R.T., Snigur, D.V. (2023) Complexation of Ge(IV) with 6,7-dihydroxybenzopyryllium derivatives and their analytical application. Journal of Chemistry and Technologies, 31(3), 460–467. https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v31i3.287489.
Zakhariya, A.N., Olenovich, N.L., Dranitskaya, R.M. (1980) Determining germanium by atomic absorption spectrometry. J Appl Spectrosc 33, 1047–1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00608373
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors reserve the right of attribution for the submitted manuscript, while transferring to the Journal the right to publish the article under the Creative Commons Attribution License. This license allows free distribution of the published work under the condition of proper attribution of the original authors and the initial publication source (i.e. the Journal)
- Authors have the right to enter into separate agreements for additional non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form it was published in the Journal (such as publishing the article on the institutional website or as a part of a monograph), provided the original publication in this Journal is properly referenced
- The Journal allows and encourages online publication of the manuscripts (such as on personal web pages), even when such a manuscript is still under editorial consideration, since it allows for a productive scientific discussion and better citation dynamics (see The Effect of Open Access).