SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTOCYANIN SUPRAMOLECULAR PIGMENT AS PHARMACOGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF CENTAUREA CYANUS L. FLOWERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v32i2.298075Keywords:
protocyanin, cornflower petals, anthocyanins, copigmentation, reflectance spectra, colorimetryAbstract
The results of the study of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) petals by the spectrophotometric method are presented. It has been established that a set of spectral characteristics of the supramolecular pigment complex of protocyanin in the petals can be used for the pharmacognostic analysis of medicinal raw materials: the presence of a long-wavelength band with distributed maxima in the reflectance spectra and a color stimulus with a dominant wavelength in the blue range. The identified diagnostic features distinguish the type with blue color as the main object in the preparation of raw materials of the official medicinal plant from other different colored types under the conditions of intraspecific polychroism of flowers. Native protocyanin is obtained as a result of aqueous extraction of petals with a blue color. The appearance of maxima in the absorption spectrum of the aqueous blue extract corresponded to the characteristics of protocyanin in vivo in the reflectance spectra of petals of the type with a blue color. The difference in the spectral properties of the chromophoric systems of these forms is established by the parameters of the differential absorption spectrum of the solution of unassociated anthocyanin after acid destruction of the native pigment complex relative to protocyanin extract. Under the conditions of alcohol extraction of petals in an acidic environment, the destruction of pigment complexes, which are localized in surface tissues, and the formation of flavylium derivatives. In contrast to the reflectance spectra of multi-colored petals with a distributed band, a feature of the absorption spectra of their extracts is the presence of one maximum, the position of which depended on the type of coloring and indicated the dominance of pelargonidin or cyanidin glycosides. The obtained results improve the pharmacognostic criteria and can be used in the creation of biological preparations and functional food products based on raw cornflower.
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