CHEMICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FEATURES OF MODIFIED BIOCARBON ECOSORBENT FOR BINDING HEAVY METAL IONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v32i2.298468Keywords:
adsorption, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, bagasse, rice husk, pyrolysis, biochar, chemical modification, sulfate-reducing bacteria, sulfides.Abstract
The possibility of obtaining ecosorbents based on biologically and chemically modified carbon material from vegetable raw materials for the removal of Cd (II), Cu (II), Pb (II) and Zn (II) ions from aqueous solutions was studied. The peculiarities of obtaining an ecosorbent from sugar cane bagasse and rice husk are substantiated. Sulfur-containing biocarbon ecosorbent is obtained by one-stage pyrolysis of raw materials together with sulfur-containing reagents at a temperature of 350–400 °C. The temperature parameters and the duration of the pyrolysis process were determined experimentally from the conditions of the maximum content of biochar in the pyrolyzate. Sulfur-containing biochar has a high absorption capacity for heavy metal ions (more than 80–90 %) compared to the original biochar. Its specificity is due to the formation of insoluble metal sulfides on the surface and in the pores of the sorbent. Microbiological modification leads to the creation of biosorption material for strong binding of heavy metal ions. Sulfate-reducing bacteria immobilized on the surface of biochar are also able to convert sorbed heavy metals into insoluble sulfide forms. A comprehensive study of the structural-porous and sorption properties of the original and modified biochar was conducted. It was established that chemical and microbiological modification of biochar increases its sorption capacity due to the improvement of structural-porous and ion-exchange properties of the material. But the key property of ecosorbents from pyrolyzed and modified vegetable raw materials is the ability to form insoluble sulfide forms of metals on the surface and in the pores of the ecosorbent.
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