ATOMIC ABSORPTION DETERMINATION OF CHROME IN VARIOUS FORMS OF EXISTENCE IN SALT SOLUTIONS USING ULTRASOUND
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v33i3.325631Keywords:
table salt; chromium; chromium acetylacetonate; ultrasound; atomic absorption spectrometry.Abstract
For the formation of chromium acetylacetonate at room temperature in solutions of common salt, the action of high-frequency ultrasound with a frequency of 5.0–6.0 MHz, an intensity of 6.0–7.0 W/cm2 and an exposure time of at least 3.0 min was used. When using high-frequency ultrasound to form chromium acetylacetonate, the extraction percentage of chromium (III) from solutions with a sodium chloride concentration of 90 g/l and 120 g/l increases, compared to the use of low-frequency ultrasound from 94.0–95.0 % and 90.4–90.8 % to 97.0–98.0 % and 94.3–95.0 %, respectively. It has been experimentally proven that the formation of chromium acetylacetonate occurs precisely under the influence of ultrasound and, in particular, due to cavitation effects that cause sonochemical reactions. It is shown that the treatment of the analyzed solutions with ultrasound of the specified parameters does not change the state of chromium. The use of simultaneous action of ultrahigh-frequency ultrasound and low-frequency ultrasound in the destruction of soluble organic chromium compounds has been studied. The use of simultaneous action of ultrahigh-frequency and low-frequency ultrasound for the destruction of dissolved organic chromium compounds, in comparison with the use of simultaneous action of high-frequency ultrasound and low-frequency ultrasound, leads to an increase in the degree of destruction from 95–96 % to 98–99 %. A siries of methods for determining the content of chromium in table salt in various forms of existence: chromium (III), chromium(VI) and chromium in the forms of compounds with organic substances has been developed. The accuracy of the methods has been verified by the "added-found" method, as well as by analyzing the same samples by an alternative method. The detection limit of chromium determination is 0.01 mg/kg.
References
Yurchenko, O. І., Chernozhuk, T. V., Pateleymonov, A. V., Baklanova, L. V., Baklanov, O. M. (2022), [Analytical chemistry of table salt, brines and highly mineralized waters]. Kharkіv: V.N. Karazіn Kharkiv National University. (in Ukrainian) https://ekhnuir.karazin.ua/handle/123456789/18347
Pourgheysari, H, Moazeni, M, Ebrahimi, A. (2012). Heavy metal content in edible salts in Isfahan and estimation of their daily intake via salt consumption. Int J Env Health Eng. 2012, 1(1), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9183.94392
Jіa, X., Gong, D., Xu, B, Chі, Q., Zhang, X. (2016). Development of a novel, fast, sensitive method for chromium speciation іn wastewater based on an organic polymer as solid phase extraction material combined with HPLC–ІCP-MS. Talanta, 147, 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.047
Houda, P. S. Ed. (2021). Trace elements in soils. Chichester, Great Britain: J. Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26667.26407
Rizwan, M., Haider, M., Ul Hassan, A., Ali. S. (2017). Determination of heavy metals in the different samples of table salt. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 13, 198–202. https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2017.13.34
Chan, M. W. H., Hasan, K. A., Balthazar-Silva, D., Mirani, Z. A., Ashgar, M. (2021). Evaluation of heavy metal pollutants in salt and seawater under the influence of the Lyari River and potential health risk assessment. Marine. Pollution. Bull., 166, 112215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112215
Nyaba, L., Nomngongo, P. N. (2020). Determination of trace metals in vegetables and water samples using dispersive ultrasound-assisted cloud point-dispersive µ-solid phase extraction coupled with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Food Chem. 322, 126749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126749
Zhaі, H.-M., Jі, B., Tіan, S.-S., Fang, F., Zhao, S., Wu, Z.-Y. (2021). Cr speciation analysis based on electrokіnetіc sample pretreatment with a paper based analytical device. Talanta, 234, 122656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122656
Soylak, M., Peker, D. S. K., Turkoglu, O. (2008). Heavy metal contents of refined and unrefined table salts from Turkey, Egypt and Greece. Environ. Monit. Assess., 143, 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9975-9
Yurchenko, O. І., Chernozhuk, T. V., Kravchenko, O. A., Baklanov, A. N. (2024). Atomic-absorption determination of chromium in table salt using matrix extraction separation and ultrasound action. J. Chem. Technologies, 32(1), 75–82. (in Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v32i1.285484
Mohammadi, S., Kosari, A., Moghadam, E. F., Ghaffarian-Bahraman, A. (2025). Toxic metal contamination in edible salts and its attributed human health risks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 32, 4313–4324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-35940-4
Andrade, J. K., Andrade, C. K., Felsner, M. L., Anjos, V. E. (2019). Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the chromium speciation in water samples. Talanta, 191, 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.067
Gilbert, T. R., Clay, A.M. (1973). Determination of chromium in sea water by atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 67, 289–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)80863-1
Jia, X., Gong, D., Xu, B., Chi, Q., Zhang, X. (2016). Development of a novel, fast, sensitive method for chromium speciation in wastewater based on an organic polymer as solid phase extraction material combined with HPLC–ICP-MS. Talanta, 147, 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.047
Petrova, A., Ishimatsu, R., Nakano, K., Imato, T., Vishnikin, A. B., Moskvin, L. N., Bulatov, A. V. (2016). Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of cysteine in biologically active dietary supplements. J. Anal. Chem., 71(2), 172–178. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934816020118
Vishnikin, A. B. (2011). Determination of ascorbic acid with Wells-Dawson type molybdophosphate in sequential injection system. Anal. Lett., 44, 514–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2010.500789
Yan, J., Zhang, C., Wang, C., Lu, D., Chen, S. (2023). A novel separation and preconcentration methodology based on direct іmmersіon dual-drop microextraction for speciation of іnorganіc chromium in environmental water samples. Talanta, 255, 123902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123902
Zhai, H.-M., Ji, B., Tian, S.-S., Fang, F., Zhao, S., Wu, Z-Y. (2021). Cr speciation analysis based on electrokinetic sample pretreatment with a paper based analytical device. Talanta, 234, 122656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122656
Muhammed, A., Hussen, A., Kaneta, T. (2021). Speciation of chromium in water samples using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices with online oxidation of trivalent chromium. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 413, 3339–3347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03274-y
Cordero, M. T. S., Alonso, E. I. V., de Torres, A. G., Pavon, J. M. C. (2004). Development of a new system for the speciation of chromium in natural waters and human urine samples by combining ion exchange and ETA-AAS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 19, 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1039/B312224G
Simonova, T. N., Dubrovina, V. A., Vishnikin, A. B. (2016). Speciation of chromium through aqueous two-phase extraction of complexes of Cr(III) with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol and Cr(VI) with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide. J. Serb. Chem Soc., 81(6), 645–659. https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC150630016S
Yurchenko, O. І., Chernozhuk, T. V., Kravchenko, O. A., Baklanov, A. N. (2023). [Atomіc absorptіon and X-ray fluorescent detectіon of chromіum and cobalt іn pharmaceutіcals]. J. Chem. Technologies. 31(1), 37–43. (in Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v31i1.238921
Ghazi, H. K., Duij, A.-A. H. (2024). Comparison between untreated and processed table salt in the detection of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometer. AIP Conf. Proc., 3229, 050008. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0239735
Baker, H. F., Rahoomi, T. D., Abdel-Halim, H. (2022). Spectrophotometric method for determination of chromium ion in aqueous solution using ninhydrin. Amer. J. Anal. Chem., 13(10), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2022.1310026
Yurchenko, O., Baklanov, A., Chernozhuk, T. (2021). Chemical applications of ultrasound: On the use of ultrasound in the analysis and technology of brains and sodium chloride solutions. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
Priego-Capot, F., Luque de Castro, M. D. (2004). Analytical uses of ultrasound-I. Sample preparation. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem., 23(9), 644–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2004.06.006
Capelo-Martínez, J.-L. Ed. (2008). Ultrasound in Chemistry: Analytical Applications. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527623501
Priego-Capot, F., Luque de Castro, M.D. (2007). Ultrasound in analytical chemistry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0966-4
Yurchenko, O. I., Chernozhuk, Т. V., Baklanov, A. N., Baklanova, L. V., Kravchenko, O. A. (2018). [Analytical signal amplification technologies in sonoluminescence spectroscopy by double-frequency ultrasound]. Methods Objects Chem. Anal., 13(3), 103–109. (in Russian) https://doi.org/10.17721/moca.2018.103-109
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors reserve the right of attribution for the submitted manuscript, while transferring to the Journal the right to publish the article under the Creative Commons Attribution License. This license allows free distribution of the published work under the condition of proper attribution of the original authors and the initial publication source (i.e. the Journal)
- Authors have the right to enter into separate agreements for additional non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form it was published in the Journal (such as publishing the article on the institutional website or as a part of a monograph), provided the original publication in this Journal is properly referenced
- The Journal allows and encourages online publication of the manuscripts (such as on personal web pages), even when such a manuscript is still under editorial consideration, since it allows for a productive scientific discussion and better citation dynamics (see The Effect of Open Access).
