CARBON-MINERAL ECOSORBENTS BASED ON LIGNOCELLULOUS WASTE AND ZEOLITE FOR BINDING HEAVY METAL IONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v33i3.328345Keywords:
adsorption, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, rice husk, zeolite, pyrolysis, biochar, sorption properties.Abstract
A carbon-mineral ecosorbent was obtained by heat treatment of a mixture of rice husk and zeolite. To obtain a composite carbon-mineral ecosorbent, a mixture of rice husk and zeolite in various proportions of plant and mineral components was subjected to general pyrolysis under various temperature conditions (250–600 °C) without the use of toxic chemicals to obtain a series of biocoal-clay composites. The pyrolysis process lasted from 10 to 60 minutes. In this case, destruction of organic substances occurs, and the final decomposition product (active amorphous carbon) settles on the catalytic centers of the aluminosilicate surface of the zeolite. The carbon content in the sorbent is 8–19 %. In this case, the zeolite containing active carbon lobes on the surface is a consolidated nanostructured material. The obtained sorbent samples differed in the initial ratio of the plant and mineral components. During thermal treatment of the mixture in an oxygen-free atmosphere, activated carbon nanoparticles of 2–3 nm in size are formed on the zeolite surface. The characteristics of the composites, making them promising sorbents of pollutants, include uniform micromorphology of plate particles, improved mesoporous structure and surface area (53.0 m2/g), as well as abundant and diverse functional groups containing oxygen / carbon. The structural-chemical and sorption properties of the obtained product in relation to Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Sr2+, Ni2+ ions were studied during extraction from model solutions. The composite obtained at 600 °C and 10 wt.% zeolite showed the highest removal of heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution.
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