BIOMASS-BASED AMIDES AS MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES FOR ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v34i2.343271Keywords:
elastomeric composition; fatty acid amides; bioingredient; sunflower oil production waste; environmentally friendly rubber; sulfur vulcanization; technological additive.Abstract
Study investigates the effect of diethanolamides synthesized from renewable plant raw materials (spent sunflower oil production adsorbent) on the properties of filled elastomeric compositions based on butadiene-α-methylstyrene rubber. It has been established that the studied amides are multifunctional additives that combine the properties of plasticizers, dispersing agents, activators, and secondary accelerators in sulfur vulcanization. Their use improves the technological characteristics of rubber compounds, reduces viscosity, and increases plasticity, thereby ensuring better processability of elastomeric compositions. It has been shown that the addition of amides significantly accelerates the sulfur vulcanization process: the cross-linking rate and the apparent rate constant of vulcanization increase by 2–4 times compared to traditional stearic acid, and the time required to reach the vulcanization optimum is reduced. A positive effect of amides on the formation of the vulcanization network structure has been established, which improves the heat resistance and thermal stability of rubbers. The highest effectiveness was demonstrated by glycerol-free fatty acid diethanolamide, which reduces the loss of strength properties after exposure to elevated temperatures by 25 % and provides a relative elongation at break that is 22 % higher than in rubber without additives. The results obtained confirm the potential of using plant-derived amides as environmentally safe, multifunctional ingredients for the production of modern elastomeric compositions and products made from them.
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