CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND EMULSION DOSAGE FORM DEVELOPMENT OF SPERANSKIA TUBERCULATA (BUNGE) BAILL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v34i2.352308Keywords:
Speranskia tuberculata (Bunge) Baill.; plant extracts; analytical determination and control; LC/MS; spectrophotometry; FTIR; antibacterial and antioxidant activity; cytotoxicity; pharmaceutical development; emulsion dosage form.Abstract
Establishing the chemical composition of Speranskia tuberculata (Bunge) Baill. extracts, their analytical characterisation, and assessment of pharmacological activity for further pharmaceutical development. Methods. Extraction of the aerial parts of the herb with four solvents (ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, n-butanol, and water) was performed. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Propionibacterium acnes. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and SARS tests. Cytotoxicity was assessed in four human cancer cell lines (A549, HEPG2, A375, and HeLa) using the MTT assay and IC₅₀ calculations. The chemical composition was investigated by LC/MS and spectrophotometrically to determine the total content of phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. FTIR was used to control the compatibility of components during the development of the dosage form. An EA extract was used to create an emulsion cream, and the critical technological parameters were assessed. The results. The chemical profile and biological activity of the extracts depend significantly on the solvent, with EA extracts showing the best indicators. The dominant plant compounds belong to phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Based on extraction and analytical screening results, the EA extract was used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the development of an emulsion cream. The optimal composition was determined using the orthogonal planning method, with assessment of critical quality indicators (pH, dynamic viscosity, and technological stability). FTIR testing confirmed the chemical compatibility of the components and the preservation of marker sites of polyphenolic compounds in the finished product. The cream showed pronounced antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus, with the optimal composition achieving the maximum effect. Conclusions. The study demonstrates an analytically controlled and technologically justified strategy for integrating plant extracts into dosage forms within the framework of chemical engineering of pharmaceutical systems.
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