STUDY OF THE PHOSPHATE ADHESION ON STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES: INVESTIGATION OF CLOGGING AND GEOGRAPHICAL SETTINGS

Authors

  • Mustapha Adar Industrial Engineering Laboratory. Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni Mellal, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4546-3768
  • Mohcine Chakouri Team of Remote Sensing and GIS Applied to the Geosciences and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Morocco
  • Majda Medkour Industrial Engineering Laboratory. Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-7159
  • Zakarya Abbassi Laboratory of Search in Physics and Science for Engineer, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Morocco
  • Youssef Najih Industrial Engineering Laboratory. Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-9929
  • Jamaa Bengourram Industrial Engineering Laboratory. Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6556-5016
  • Mustapha Mabrouki Industrial Engineering Laboratory. Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-9803

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15421/jchemtech.v33i1.300818

Keywords:

Adhesion, AFM, Clogging, Phosphate, Standard stainless steels, Surface energy

Abstract

Clogging, a physicochemical adhesion phenomenon, occurs between material surfaces, prompting our investigation into phosphate adhesion on steel surfaces and its associated clogging. Phosphate pellets, produced under varying pressures (80–340 bars) with 25 % water content, were analyzed after drying at 60 °C. Physicochemical interactions were explored through contact angle measurements, showing a decrease from 71° to 65° as compaction pressure increased, and surface energy calculations indicated an increase from 49 mJ/m² to 52.5 mJ/m². The phosphate originated from the extraction zone of the OCP in Ben Guerir, Morocco. Contact angle measurements on stainless steels (304, 304L, and 316) revealed that 316 steel exhibited hydrophobic behavior (contact angle 94°, surface energy 35 mJ/m²), while 304 and 304L were hydrophilic with contact angles of 68° and 70°, and surface energies of 48 mJ/m² and 45 mJ/m², respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that 316 steel had the highest roughness (Ra = 45 nm) compared to 304 and 304L (Ra = 32 nm and 34 nm). A predictive adhesion model showed that 316 steel promotes phosphate adhesion (negative free energy of adhesion), while 304 and 304L steels displayed positive free energies, indicating weaker adhesion. These findings provide key parameters for understanding phosphate fouling on solid supports.

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Published

2025-04-15

Issue

Vol. 33 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Chemistry and Technologies

Section

Physical and inorganic chemistry

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